B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 pp b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pp n\u00e0y trong gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec7n li.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea2O TO\u00c0N \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u00cdCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc : <\/strong>T\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

S + = S –<\/p>\n

VD1 <\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t dd ch\u1ee9a a mol K+, b mol Fe3+, c mol Cl-, d mol SO42- . Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

A) 2a + b = 2c + d\u00a0 B) a + 3b = c + 2d<\/strong><\/p>\n

C) 3a + b = 2c + d\u00a0 D) a + 2b = c + 2d<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i : <\/strong>S n \u0111t + = a + 3b v\u00e0 S n \u0111t \u2013 = c + 2d<\/p>\n

VD2<\/u><\/strong> : <\/strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mlo\/l c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion trong dd nh\u01b0 sau: Na+(0,05); Ca2+(0,01) ; NO3-(0,04); HCO3-(0,025) . H\u1ecfi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00fang hay sai, t\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i :<\/strong> Theo \u0110LBT\u0110T<\/strong><\/p>\n

S + = 0,05 + 0,02 = 0,07<\/p>\n

S – = 0,04 + 0,025 = 0,065<\/p>\n

\u00e0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean l\u00e0 sai<\/p>\n

VD 3<\/u><\/strong>: C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 0,2 mol Mg2+; 0,1 mol Al3+, v\u00e0 ion NO3- th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau gam mu\u1ed1i khan l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

A. 55,3 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 59,5 gam<\/p>\n

C. 50,9 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 0,59 gam<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i <\/u><\/strong>: Theo \u0110LBT \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch: 0.2 *2 + 0.1 *3 = n NO3-= 0,7 mol<\/p>\n

\u00e0 m mu\u1ed1i = 24*0,2 + 27*0,1 + 0,7*62= 50,9 gam \u00e0 ch\u1ecdn C<\/strong><\/p>\n

VD4 <\/u><\/strong>: <\/strong>M\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 2 Cation l\u00e0 Fe2+ (0,1 mol) v\u00e0 Al3+ (0,2 mol) v\u00e0 2 Anion l\u00e0 Cl- (x mol) v\u00e0\u00a0SO42- (y mol). Khi c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 46,9 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. ( <\/strong>Bi\u1ebft Fe = 56, Al = 27, Cl = 35,5; S = 32, O = 16). Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x, y trong c\u00e2u tr\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

A) 0,1 ; 0,2 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B) 0,2 ; 0,3<\/p>\n

C) 0,3 : 0,1 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D) 0,3 : 0,2<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i : Theo \u0110LBT\u0110T : <\/strong>2.0,1 + 3.0,2 = x + 2y<\/p>\n

\u0110LBTKL :<\/strong><\/p>\n

m mu\u1ed1i = S m cation KL + S m anion g\u1ed1c axit<\/p>\n

= <\/strong>56.0,1 + 27.0,2 +35,5 . x + 96 .y = 46,9<\/p>\n

\u00e0 <\/strong>x = 0,2 ; y = 0,3 \u00e0 B<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
• I. C\u01a1 S\u01a1\u0309 Cu\u0309a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Pha\u0301p<\/li>\n
• 1. C\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309: Nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309, ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0309, dung di\u0323ch lu\u00f4n trung ho\u0300a v\u00ea\u0300 \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

  – Trong nguy\u00ean t\u01b0\u0309: s\u00f4\u0301 proton = s\u00f4\u0301 electron<\/p>\n

  – Trong dung di\u0323ch:\u00a0\u00a0 t\u00f4\u0309ng s\u00f4\u0301 mol x \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ion = | t\u00f4\u0309ng s\u00f4\u0301 mol x \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ion \u00e2m |<\/p>\n

  2. A\u0301p du\u0323ng va\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 chu\u0301 y\u0301<\/p>\n

  \n
  • a) kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng mu\u00f4\u0301i (trong dung di\u0323ch) = t\u00f4\u0309ng kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng ca\u0301c ion \u00e2m<\/li>\n
  • b) Qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh a\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ba\u0309o toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng k\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p:<\/li>\n
  • – Ca\u0301c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ba\u0309o toa\u0300n kha\u0301c: Ba\u0309o toa\u0300n kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng, ba\u0309o toa\u0300n nguy\u00ean t\u00f4\u0301<\/li>\n
  • – Vi\u00ea\u0301t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh ho\u0301a ho\u0323c \u01a1\u0309 \u0111a\u0323ng ion thu go\u0323n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    II. CA\u0301C DA\u0323NG BA\u0300I T\u00c2\u0323P TH\u01af\u01a0\u0300NG G\u0102\u0323P<\/p>\n

    Da\u0323ng 1: A\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u00e2\u0300n \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ba\u0309o toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch<\/p>\n

    Vi\u0301 Du\u0323 1:<\/strong> M\u00f4\u0323t dung di\u0323ch co\u0301 ch\u01b0\u0301a 4 ion v\u01a1\u0301i tha\u0300nh ph\u00e2\u0300n : 0,01 mol Na^{+<\/sup>, 0,02mol Mg\u00ad2+<\/sup> , 0,015 mol SO_{4<\/sub>2-<\/sup> ,\u00a0x mol Cl–<\/sup> . Gia\u0301 tri\u0323 cu\u0309a x la\u0300:<\/p>\n}}

    A. 0,015.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 0,02.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0B. 0,035.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 0,01.<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ba\u0309o toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ta co\u0301:<\/p>\n

    0,01×1 + 0,02×2 = 0,015×2 + Xx1 \u2192 x = 0,02 \u2192 \u0110a\u0301p a\u0301n<\/p>\n

    Da\u0323ng 2: K\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p v\u01a1\u0301i \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ba\u0309o toa\u0300n kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng<\/p>\n

    Vi\u0301 Du\u0323 2<\/strong>: Dung di\u0323ch A ch\u01b0\u0301a hai cation la\u0300 Fe^{2+<\/sup>: 0,1 mol va\u0300 Al3+<\/sup> : 0,2 mol va\u0300 hai anion la\u0300 Cl–<\/sup>: x mol va\u0300 SO_{4<\/sub>2-<\/sup> : y mol. \u0110em c\u00f4 ca\u0323n dung di\u0323ch A thu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 46,9 \u00a0gam h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p mu\u00f4\u0301i khan.\u00a0Gia\u0301 tri\u0323 cu\u0309a x va\u0300 y l\u00e2\u0300n l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t la\u0300:<\/p>\n}}

    A. 0,6 va\u0300 0,1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 0,5 va\u0300 0,15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 0,3 va\u0300 0,2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 0,2 va\u0300 0,3<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – A\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ba\u0309o toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ta co\u0301:<\/p>\n

    0,1×2 + 0,2×3 = Xx1 + y x 2 \u2192 X + 2y = 0,8 (*)<\/p>\n

    – Khi c\u00f4 ca\u0323n dung di\u0323ch, kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng mu\u00f4\u0301i = t\u00f4\u0309ng kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng ca\u0301c ion ta\u0323o mu\u00f4\u0301i<\/p>\n

    0,1×56 + 0,2×27 + Xx35,5 + Yx 96 = 46,9<\/p>\n

    \u2192 35,5X + 96Y = 35,9 (**)<\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u0300 (*) va\u0300 (**) \u2192X = 0,2 ; Y = 0,3 \u2192 \u0110a\u0301p a\u0301n D<\/p>\n

    Vi\u0301 du\u0323 3:<\/strong> Chia h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p X g\u00f4\u0300m 2 kim loa\u0323i co\u0301 ho\u0301a tri\u0323 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4\u0309i tha\u0300nh 2 ph\u00e2\u0300n b\u0103\u0300ng nhau.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2\u0301n 1: Ho\u0300a tan haonf toa\u0300n b\u0103\u0300ng dung di\u0323ch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 1,792 li\u0301t H_{2<\/sub> (\u0111ktc).<\/p>\n}

    Ph\u00e2\u0300n 2: Nung trong kh\u00f4ng khi\u0301 d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 2,84 gam h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p r\u0103\u0301n chi\u0309 g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301c oxit.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p X la\u0300:
    \nA. 1,56 gam.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 2,4 gam. B. 1,8 gam.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 3,12 gam.<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n:<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00e2\u0323n xe\u0301t: T\u00f4\u0309ng s\u00f4\u0301 mol x \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng (cu\u0309a 2 kim loa\u0323i) trong 2 ph\u00e2\u0300n la\u0300<\/p>\n

    B\u0103\u0300ng nhau => T\u00f4\u0309ng s\u00f4\u0301 mol x \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ion \u00e2m trong 2 ph\u00e2\u0300n cu\u0303ng b\u0103\u0300ng nhau.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O_{2<\/sub> \u2194 2 Cl^{–<\/sup><\/p>\n}}

    M\u0103\u0323t kha\u0301c: n_{Cl- <\/sub>= nH+<\/sub> = 2nH2<\/sub> = 1,792\/ 22,4 = 0,08 (mol)<\/p>\n}

    Suy ra: n_{O (trong oxit) <\/sub>= 0,04 (mol)<\/p>\n}

    Suy ra: Trong m\u00f4\u0323t ph\u00e2\u0300n: m_{Kim Loa\u0323i \u00a0<\/sub>– m oxi<\/sub> \u00a0= 2,84 – 0,08.16 = 1,56 gam<\/p>\n}

    Kh\u00f4\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p X = 2.1,56 = 3,12 gam<\/p>\n

    Da\u0323ng 3: K\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p v\u01a1\u0301i ba\u0309o toa\u0300n nguy\u00ean t\u00f4\u0301<\/p>\n

    Vi\u0301 Du\u0323 4:<\/strong> Cho h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p X g\u00f4\u0300m x mol FeS_{2<\/sub> va\u0300 0,045 mol Cu2<\/sub>S ta\u0301c du\u0323ng v\u01b0\u0300a \u0111u\u0309 v\u01a1\u0301i HNO3<\/sub> loa\u0303ng, \u0111un no\u0301ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c dung di\u0323ch chi\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301a mu\u00f4\u0301i sunfat cu\u0309a ca\u0301c kim loa\u0323i Va\u0300 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng khi\u0301 NO duy nh\u00e2\u0301t, Gia\u0301 tri\u0323 cu\u0309a x la\u0300<\/p>\n}

    A. 0,045.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 0,09.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 0,135.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 0,18.<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n:<\/p>\n

    – A\u0301p du\u0323ng ba\u0309o toa\u0300n nguy\u00ean t\u00f4\u0301:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fe^{3+<\/sup> : x mol\u00a0 ;\u00a0 Cu2+<\/sup> : 0,09\u00a0 ;\u00a0 SO_{4<\/sub>2-\u00a0<\/sup> : ( x + 0,045) mol<\/p>\n}}

    – A\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t ba\u0309o toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch (trong dung di\u0323ch chi\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301a mu\u00f4\u0301i sunfat)<\/p>\n

    Ta co\u0301 : 3x + 2.0,09 = 2(x + 0,045)<\/p>\n

    Vi\u0301 Du\u0323 5:<\/strong> Du\u0323ng di\u0323ch X co\u0301 ch\u01b0\u0301a 5 ion : Mg^{2+<\/sup> \u00a0, Ba2+ <\/sup>, Ca2+<\/sup> \u00a0, 0,1 mol Cl– <\/sup>va\u0300 0,2 mol NO_{3<\/sub>–<\/sup>. Th\u00eam d\u00e2\u0300n V li\u0301t dung di\u0323ch K2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub> \u00a01M va\u0300o X \u0111\u00ea\u0301n khi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng K\u00ea\u0301t tu\u0309a l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t thi gia\u0301 tri\u0323 t\u00f4\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0309u c\u00e2\u0300n du\u0300ng la\u0300:
    \nA. 150ml.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 300 ml.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 200ml.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 250ml.<\/p>\n}}

    H\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n:<\/p>\n

    Co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 qui \u0111\u00f4\u0309i ca\u0301c ion Mg^{2+,<\/sup> Ba2+<\/sup>, Ca2+<\/sup> tha\u0300nh M2+<\/sup> ;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M2+<\/sup> + CO_{3<\/sub>2-<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u2192 MCO3<\/sub> \u00af<\/p>\n}}

    Khi pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng k\u00ea\u0301t thu\u0301c, ph\u00e2\u0300n dung di\u0323ch ch\u01b0\u0301a K^{+<\/sup>, Cl–<\/sup>, va\u0300 NO_{3<\/sub>–<\/sup><\/p>\n}}

    A\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t\u00a0ba\u0309o toa\u0300n\u00a0toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch ta co\u0301:<\/p>\n

    n_{K+<\/sub> = nCl- <\/sub>+ nNO3- \u00a0<\/sub>= 0,3 (mol) suy ra: n K2CO3<\/sub> = 0,15 (mol)<\/p>\n}

    suy ra V _{K2CO3<\/sub> = 0,15\/1 = 0,15 (li\u0301t) = 150ml<\/p>\n}

    Da\u0323ng 4: K\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1\u0323p v\u01a1\u0301i vi\u00ea\u0323c vi\u00ea\u0301t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh \u01a1\u0309 da\u0323ng ion thu go\u0323n<\/p>\n

    Vi\u0301 Du\u0323 6:<\/strong> Cho ho\u0300a tan hoa\u0300n toa\u0300n 15,6 gam h\u00f4\u0303n h\u01a1\u0323p g\u00f4\u0300m Al va\u0300Al2O3 trong 500 dung di\u0323ch NaOH 1M thu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 6,72 li\u0301t H2\u00a0 (\u0111ktc)Va\u0300 dung di\u0323ch X. Th\u00ea\u0309 ti\u0301ch HCl 2M t\u00f4\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0309u c\u00e2\u0300n cho va\u0300o X \u0111\u00ea\u0309 thu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng k\u00ea\u0301t tu\u0309a l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t:<\/p>\n

    A. 0,175 li\u0301t.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. 0,25 li\u0301t.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. 0,25 li\u0301t.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. 0,52 li\u0301t.<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Dung di\u0323ch X ch\u01b0\u0301a ca\u0301c ion Na^{+<\/sup> ; AlO_{2<\/sub>–<\/sup> ; OH– <\/sup>d\u01b0 (co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309). A\u0301p du\u0323ng \u0111i\u0323nh lu\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309o toa\u0300n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n ti\u0301ch:<\/p>\n}}

    n _{AlO2-<\/sub> + n OH-<\/sub> \u00a0= n Na+ = 0,5<\/p>\n}

    Khi cho HCl vaof dung di\u0323ch X:<\/p>\n

    H^{+<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OH–<\/sup>\u00a0 \u2192 H_{2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (1)<\/p>\n}}

    H^{+ <\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AlO_{2<\/sub>–<\/sup> \u00a0+ H2<\/sub>O \u2192 Al(OH)3<\/sub> \u2193\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 (2)<\/p>\n}}

    3H^{+<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Al(OH)_{3<\/sub> \u2192 \u2192 Al3+<\/sup> + 3H2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (3)<\/p>\n}}

    \u0110\u00ea\u0309 k\u00ea\u0301t tu\u0309a la\u0300 l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t, suy ra kh\u00f4ng xa\u0309y ra (3) va\u0300\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 n _{H+<\/sub> = n AlO2-<\/sub> + n OH-<\/sub> \u00a0= 0,5<\/p>\n}

    Suy ra th\u00ea\u0309 ti\u0301ch HCl = 0,5\/2 = 0,25 (li\u0301t)<\/p>\n

    D\u1ea1ng 5 : B\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 7:<\/strong> Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 10g h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Mg v\u00e0\u00a0 Fe b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl 2M.K\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 5,6l kh\u00ed H_{2 <\/sub>(\u0111ktc). \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c cation c\u00f3 trong Y c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 300ml NaOH 2M.Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dungd\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n}

    A<\/strong>: 0,2\u00a0 l\u00edt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B<\/strong>: 0,24 l\u00edt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C<\/strong>: 0,3 l\u00edt\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D<\/strong>: 0,4 l\u00edt<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    n_{Na+ <\/sub>= nOH- <\/sub>= nNaOH<\/sub> = 0,6M<\/p>\n}

    Khi cho NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y(ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion :Mg^{2+<\/sup>;Fe2+<\/sup>;H+<\/sup> d\u01b0;Cl–<\/sup>) c\u00e1c iond\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi OH– <\/sup>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a .Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady dung d\u1ecbch thu\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a Na+ <\/sup>v\u00e0 Cl–<\/sup>.<\/p>\n}

    =>n_{Cl- <\/sub>= nNa+=<\/sub>0,6 =>VHCl<\/sub>=0,6\/2= 0,3 l\u00edt ==> \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n C.<\/p>\n}

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 8:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 20 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Fe,FeO,Fe_{3<\/sub>O4<\/sub>,Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 700ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e03,36 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2<\/sub> (\u0111ktc). Cho NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u00a0k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em nung trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn\u00a0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}

    A<\/strong>: 8 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B<\/strong>: 16 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>: 24 gam\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D<\/strong>:32 gam<\/p>\n

    III .\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00c0I T\u1eacP T\u1ef0 LUY\u1ec6N<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 1:<\/strong> Dung d\u1ecbch X c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a a mol Na^{+<\/sup> ,b mol Mg2+<\/sup>\u00a0 ,C mol Cl–<\/sup> \u00a0v\u00e0 \u00a0d mol SO_{4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa a,b,c,d l\u00e0<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>: a+2b=c+2d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong>:a+2b=c+d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C<\/strong>:a+b=c+ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0D : <\/strong>2a+b=2c+d<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 2:<\/strong>C\u00f3 2 dung d\u1ecbch,m\u1ed7i dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a 2 cation v\u00e0 2\u00a0 anion kh\u00f4ng \u00a0tr\u00f9ng nhau trong c\u00e1c ion sau<\/p>\n

    K^{+<\/sup> \u00a0:0,15 mol, Mg2+<\/sup> : 0,1 mol,NH_{4<\/sub>+<\/sup>:0,25 mol,H+<\/sup> :0,2 mol, Cl–<\/sup> :0,1 mol SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup> :0,075<\/p>\n}}

    mol NO_{3<\/sub>^{– <\/sup>:0,25 mol,NO3<\/sub>–<\/sup> :0,25 mol v\u00e0 CO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup> :0,15 mol. M\u1ed9t trong 2 dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9a<\/p>\n}}

    A:<\/strong> K^{+<\/sup>,Mg2+<\/sup>,SO_{4<\/sub>2-<\/sup> v\u00e0 Cl–<\/sup>;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B <\/strong>: K+<\/sup>,NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup>,CO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup> v\u00e0 Cl–<\/sup><\/p>\n}}

    C<\/strong>\u00a0 :NH_{4<\/sub>^{+<\/sup>,H+<\/sup>,NO3<\/sub>–<\/sup>, v\u00e0 SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D<\/strong> : Mg2+<\/sup>,H+<\/sup>,SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup> v\u00e0 Cl–<\/sup><\/p>\n}}

    C\u00e2u 3:<\/strong> Dung d\u1ecbch Y ch\u1ee9a Ca^{2+<\/sup> 0,1 mol ,Mg2+<\/sup>\u00a0 0,3 mol,Cl–<\/sup> 0,4 mol,HCO_{3<\/sub>– <\/sup>y mol. Khi c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch Y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i khan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>: 37,4 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong> 49,8 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0c: 25,4 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0D<\/strong> : 30,5 gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 4 :<\/strong> M\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,02 mol Cu^{2+<\/sup>;0,03 mol K+<\/sup>,x mol Cl–<\/sup> v\u00e0 y mol \u00a0SO_{4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>.T\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i tan c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 5,435 gam. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x v\u00e0 y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>:0,03 v\u00e0 0,02 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong>: 0,05 v\u00e0 0,01 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong> : 0,01 v\u00e0 0,03 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D<\/strong>:0,02 v\u00e0 0,05<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 5:<\/strong> H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 0,12 mol FeS_{2<\/sub> v\u00e0 x mol Cu2<\/sub>S v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HNO3<\/sub> v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 , thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a 2 mu\u1ed1i sunfat c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kh\u00ed NO duy nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}

    A<\/strong> :0,03 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong> :0,045 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>:0,06 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D<\/strong>:0,09<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 6:<\/strong> Cho m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu,Zn,Mg t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 lo\u00e3ng,d\u01b0. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (m+62). Gammu\u1ed1i khan. Nung h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i khan tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    A<\/strong>: (m+4) gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B: <\/strong>(m+8) gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C:<\/strong> (m+16) gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0D<\/strong>: (m+32)gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 7:<\/strong>Cho 2,24 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Na_{2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub>,K2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub> t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2<\/sub>.Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 39,4 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a,c\u00f4\u00a0c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau gam mu\u1ed1i clorua khan ?<\/p>\n}

    A<\/strong>: 2,66 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B<\/strong> 22,6 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>: 26,6 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0D<\/strong> : 6,26 gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 8:<\/strong> Tr\u1ed9n dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a Ba^{2+<\/sup>;OH–<\/sup> 0,06 mol v\u00e0 Na+ <\/sup>0,02 mol v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a HCO_{3<\/sub>–<\/sup> 0,04 mol; CO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup> 0,03 mol va Na+<\/sup>. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft \u00a0t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi tr\u1ed9n l\u00e0<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>: 3,94 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0B<\/strong> 5,91 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>: 7,88 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D<\/strong> : 1,71 gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 9:<\/strong>H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 5,94 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai mu\u1ed1i clorua c\u1ee7a 2 kim\u00a0lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m IIA v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100ml dung d\u1ecbch X. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a h\u1ebft \u00a0ion Cl^{\u2011<\/sup> c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch X,ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho dung d\u1ecbch X \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO_{3<\/sub>. K\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 17,22 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i khan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch Y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>: 4,86 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong>: 5,4 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>: 7,53 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0D<\/strong> : 9,12 gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 10:<\/strong> Dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a 0.025 mol CO_{3<\/sub>^{2-<\/sup>;0,1 mol Na+<\/sup>;0,25 mol \u00a0NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup> v\u00e0 0,3 mol Cl–<\/sup>. Cho 270ml dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2<\/sub> 0,2M v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 (gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed H2<\/sub>O bay h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3). T\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>: 4,125 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B<\/strong>: 5,296 gam<\/p>\n

    C<\/strong>: 6,761 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D<\/strong> : 7,015 gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 11:<\/strong> Tr\u1ed9n 100ml dung d\u1ecbch AlCl_{3<\/sub> 1M v\u1edbi 200ml dung d\u1ecbchNaOH1,8M \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}

    A<\/strong>: 3,12 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong>: 6,24 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>: 1,06 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D : 2,08 gam<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 12:<\/strong> Dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a ba ion K^{+<\/sup>;Na+<\/sup>;PO_{4<\/sub>3-<\/sup>. 1 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch\u00a0B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CaCl2<\/sub> d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 31 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu c\u00f4\u00a0c\u1ea1n 1 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 37,6 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a 3 ion K+<\/sup>;Na+<\/sup>;PO4<\/sub>3-<\/sup> l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>:0,3M;0,3M v\u00e0 0,6M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B<\/strong>: 0,1M;0,1M v\u00e0 0,2M<\/p>\n

    C<\/strong>: 0,3M;0,3M v\u00e0 0,2M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D<\/strong> : 0,3M;0,2M v\u00e0 0,2M<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 13:<\/strong> Cho dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)_{2 <\/sub>\u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o 100ml dung d\u1ecbch Xg\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ion: NH4<\/sub>^{+<\/sup>, SO4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>,NO3<\/sub>–<\/sup>, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 23,3gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 6,72 l\u00edt(\u0111ktc) m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecd mol c\u1ee7a\u00a0(NH4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> v\u00e0 NH4<\/sub>NO3<\/sub> trong dung d\u1ecbch X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}}

    A<\/strong>: 1M v\u00e0 1M \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong>: 2M v\u00e0 2M \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C<\/strong>: 1M v\u00e0 2M \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0D<\/strong> : 2M v\u00e0 1M<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u 14:<\/strong>Dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion : Fe^{3+<\/sup>,SO_{4<\/sub>2-<\/sup>,NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup>,Cl–<\/sup>. Chia dung d\u1ecbch X th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau:<\/p>\n}}

    -Ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH,\u0111un n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a00.672 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 1,07 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

    -Ph\u1ea7n 2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch BaCl_{2<\/sub>, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,66gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/p>\n}

    T\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i khan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0(qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i)<\/p>\n

    A<\/strong>:3,73 gam\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B<\/strong>: 7,04 gam \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C<\/strong>: 7,46 gam \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D<\/strong> : 3,52 gam<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 pp b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pp n\u00e0y trong gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec7n li. B\u1ea2O TO\u00c0N \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u00cdCH Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc : T\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[172],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n