![\"L\u00fd](\"https:\/\/vietjack.com\/giai-bai-tap-sinh-hoc-10\/images\/ly-thuyet-axit-nucleic.PNG\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n* C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– ADN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111a ph\u00e2n g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Nu).\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u0110\u01a1n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ADN l\u00e0 Nucleotit, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00eaoxirib\u00f4za: C5H10O4\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ Axit ph\u1ed1tphoric: H3PO4\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ Baz\u01a1 nit\u01a1: 1 trong c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i bazo nito l\u00e0 A, T, G, X.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– C\u00e1c Nu li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i polinucl\u00eaotit.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ADN g\u1ed3m 2 chu\u1ed7i polinucleotit li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng \nc\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hidro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bazo nito c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nucleotit theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \nb\u1ed5 sung: A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi T b\u1eb1ng 2 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hidro, G li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi X b\u1eb1ng 3\n li\u00ean k\u1ebft hidro.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
* C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng gian\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Hai m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n xo\u1eafn k\u00e9p, song song v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u nhau.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Xo\u1eafn t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua ph\u1ea3i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xo\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chu k\u00ec xo\u1eafn\n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i chu k\u00ec g\u1ed3m 10 c\u1eb7p nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 34A0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \nk\u00ednh l\u00e0 20 A0.\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ADN<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n– Mang, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
II. Axit rib\u00f4nucl\u00eaic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ARN<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n– L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111a ph\u00e2n, g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– C\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc : C,H,O,N, P.\n<\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n– M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n ( nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng rib\u00f4z\u01a1: C5H10O5\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ Axit ph\u1ed1tphoric: H3PO4\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ Baz\u01a1 nit\u01a1: 1 trong 4 lo\u1ea1i A, U, G, X.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ARN ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i polinucleotit\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i ARN:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ mARN: C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i polinucleotit d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch th\u1eb3ng\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
+ tARN: C\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi 3 thu\u1ef3 gi\u00fap li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi mARN.\n<\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n+ rARN: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nucleotit li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c vung xo\u1eafn k\u00e9p c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ARN<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n– mARN: l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch m\u00e3, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ADN \u0111\u1ebfn pr\u00f4t\u00eain.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– tARN: mang axit amin \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn rib\u00f4x\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch m\u00e3.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– rARN: l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a rib\u00f4x\u00f4m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \nchu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lypeptit, ch\u1ee9a 90% t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ARN c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 70-80% lo\u1ea1i \npr\u00f4tein.\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Sinh h\u1ecdc 10 B\u00e0i 6: Axit nucl\u00eaic I. Axit \u0111\u00ea\u00f4xirib\u00f4nucl\u00eaic 1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ADN * C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc – ADN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111a ph\u00e2n g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Nu). – \u0110\u01a1n ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ADN l\u00e0 Nucleotit, c\u1ea5u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":44006,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1644],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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