![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/n1-1.jpg\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nH\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t<\/strong>
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\nKh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ct\u1ea1m g\u00e1c c\u00e1i t\u00f4i trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh\u201d, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ngang c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1eabn nhau nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai s\u00f3t, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SOLID<\/strong>
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ngh\u0129a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 SOLID l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.
SOLID l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: <\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/m4.gif\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- S: M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (Single responsibility principle)<\/li>
- O: Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (Open-closed principle)<\/li>
- L: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3u l\u1edbp con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3u l\u1edbp cha (Liskov substitution principle)<\/li>
- I: N\u1ebfu giao di\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn th\u00ec n\u00ean t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (Interface segregation principle)<\/li>
- D: C\u00e1c module c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o module c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft (Dependency inversion principle)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e3 code c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cao \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong>
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef r\u1eb1ng \u201cNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf chi ti\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng code s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. <\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec
<\/strong>C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh Rome kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e1t sinh, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao. <\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/td.jpg\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nH\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i<\/strong>
Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng s\u1edbm b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, th\u00edch nghi, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc hay t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i xoay s\u1edf, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/m2-1.jpg\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian th\u00f4ng minh
<\/strong>M\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn trong c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. <\/p>\n\n\n\nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng linh ho\u1ea1t n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":39773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1651,18],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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