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{"id":39035,"date":"2019-04-08T10:38:57","date_gmt":"2019-04-08T03:38:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/?p=39035"},"modified":"2019-11-21T11:58:22","modified_gmt":"2019-11-21T04:58:22","slug":"cac-nghe-nghiep-trong-linh-vuc-cong-nghe-thong-tin-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/cac-nghe-nghiep-trong-linh-vuc-cong-nghe-thong-tin-phan-1\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

H\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh c\u00f3 con \u0111ang theo h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc CNTT l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 (code), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m. H\u00e3y xem 10 ngh\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n ng\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng Tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean (C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ty vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao, chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed tr\u00ed trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 2 n\u0103m. Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng khi tuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, suy ngh\u0129 logic v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (System Analyst)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m: kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Database Administrator)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 sao l\u01b0u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, sang m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin (Information System Manager)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho c\u00f4ng ty. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u1ef9 kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3 (Cryptographer)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1ecdc (cryptography) l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc che gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che gi\u1ea5u hay m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1eadt m\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng khi mua h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, hay th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3 (cryptographer) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin hay nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u00e3 hay gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean gia m\u1eadt m\u00e3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh c\u00f3 con \u0111ang theo h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. 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