C\u00f3 4 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi Sinh h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft 4 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i kh\u00f3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp Quy lu\u1eadt Di truy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p lai n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ec3u gen, ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a P, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi con ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p lai ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i d\u1ea1ng to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i nhanh ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n ly ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi con \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 \u0111em lai: Tr\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n, tr\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, gen g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gen\u2026<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng), n\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i cho, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n ly \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: N\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u gen, s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy lu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft gen ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay quy lu\u1eadt ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb gen.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i, ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111em lai (d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u (\u0111\u1ed3ng) hay d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u1eed ch\u00e9o (\u0111\u1ed1i)).<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfm c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang\/sai \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t ch\u00edn s\u1edbm: 38,25% c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t, ch\u00edn s\u1edbm; 6,75% c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f2n, ch\u00edn mu\u1ed9n; 6% c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i, ch\u00edn s\u1edbm; 18% c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t, ch\u00edn mu\u1ed9n; 30,75% c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f2n, ch\u00edn s\u1edbm; 0,25% c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i, ch\u00edn mu\u1ed9n. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u00edn \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p gen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o giao t\u1eed c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nhau \u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh no\u00e3n v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 giao t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111em lai.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eddi con ph\u00e2n ly: 9 d\u1eb9t: 6 tr\u00f2n: 1 d\u00e0i \u2013 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3<\/p>\n

Quy \u01b0\u1edbc: A-B-: qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t; aabb : qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i ; A-bb; aaB- : qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f2n<\/p>\n

F1: AaBb (qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t) x AaBb (qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t).<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t s\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi gian ch\u00edn<\/p>\n

F2 ph\u00e2n li ch\u00edn s\u1edbm : ch\u00edn mu\u1ed9n = 3 : 1 \u2192 Quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n li.<\/p>\n

Quy \u01b0\u1edbc: D : qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt, d : qu\u1ea3 chua<\/p>\n

F1 : Dd (qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt) x Dd (qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt)<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n ly \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 (9 : 6 : 1)(3 : 1) = 27: 18 : 3 : 9 : 6 : 1, s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 3×2 = 6 l\u1edbp. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean kh\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i cho l\u00e0: 38,25: 18: 30,75: 6,75 : 0,25, s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 6 l\u1edbp so v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u2192 3 c\u1eb7p gen n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean 2 c\u1eb7p NST t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb gen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng<\/strong> \nGi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u00f4n Sinh h\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng THPT Chuy\u00ean \u0110H S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m<\/em><\/p>\n Vnexpress.net<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00e0nh 30-35 ph\u00fat ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u1ebft l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n Sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. C\u00f3 4 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi Sinh h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n