Th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u00e0i thi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed, b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1eady t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 trong k\u1ef3 thi \u0110\u00ecnh, vua t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m thi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 cao nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai vi ph\u1ea1m quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec gian l\u1eadn thi c\u1eed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n (1648-1697), ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 Tam S\u01a1n, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n (nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Tam S\u01a1n, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 T\u1eeb S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc Ninh). \u00d4ng sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh khoa b\u1ea3ng danh ti\u1ebfng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 cha v\u00e0 anh trai \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m quan to trong tri\u1ec1u.
\nN\u0103m 29 tu\u1ed5i (1676), tri\u1ec1u vua L\u00ea Hy T\u00f4ng, Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n thi \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m quan t\u1edbi L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 H\u1eefu th\u1ecb lang.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c bi th\u1ea3m v\u00ec t\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 \u00fd ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u00e0i thi c\u1ee7a th\u00ed sinh trong k\u1ef3 thi nho h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1694. V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u00e1n n\u00e0y, Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Theo Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh giao gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Thanh Hoa (Thanh H\u00f3a). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn quan Tham t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 L\u00ea Hy. L\u00ea Hy b\u00e8n \u0111em h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng quy\u1ec3n thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con m\u00ecnh cho Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u1ecf \u00fd nh\u1edd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch v\u1edbi L\u00ea Hy tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e2n o\u00e1n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi – Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o L\u00ea Hy l\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e9n l\u00fat \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i L\u00ea Hy n\u00ean Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ch\u1ea5m b\u00e0i, th\u1ea5y quy\u1ec3n thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con L\u00ea Hy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng tr\u00fang c\u00e1ch (\u0111\u1ed7), nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y xo\u00e1 m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch v\u1edbi L\u00ea Hy, Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3n l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec3n thi c\u1ee7a con L\u00ea Hy \u0111\u01b0a cho c\u00e1c quan gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o, b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd ph\u00ea l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed7.
\nQuan \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4 ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed Ng\u00f4 H\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb quan Tham ch\u00ednh Phan T\u1ef1 C\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c t\u00e2u l\u00ean. Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n b\u1ecb kh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3o (th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 ch\u1ebft), Ng\u00f4 H\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c quan gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ph\u00fac kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t, c\u00f2n Phan T\u1ef1 C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c Thi\u00eam \u0111\u00f4 ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed.
\nD\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a khi\u1ebfn h\u1eadu th\u1ebf h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, b\u1edfi cha con L\u00ea Hy kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n cho r\u1eb1ng, “L\u00ea Hy l\u00e0m T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 g\u1edfi g\u1eafm con m\u00ecnh cho vi\u00ean quan gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m thi v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n xu n\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi ri\u00eang b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi k\u00ed th\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7t trong ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u1ed9i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 S\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb c\u00f2n cha con L\u00ea Hy th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa\u201d!<\/p>\n

Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 s\u1eeda b\u00e0i thi ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t (?- 1855), t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Chu Th\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7u M\u1eabn Hi\u00ean, sinh t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecb, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 Quy\u1ebft Chi\u1ebfn, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1831, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi vua Minh M\u1ea1ng, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed7 \u00c1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 1841, \u0111\u1eddi vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb, khi c\u00f3 quan t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0m H\u00e0nh t\u1ea9u \u1edf b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb quan thanh li\u00eam v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng su\u00fdt ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u00e0i thi.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, th\u00e1ng 8\/1841, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m s\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean. Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i thi hay nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy, \u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Phan Th\u1eddi Nh\u1ea1 l\u1ea5y son h\u00f2a v\u1edbi mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i 24 b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, B\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4 s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00e0i hay s\u00ednh b\u00fat l\u00e0m v\u1eady ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ai g\u1eedi g\u1eafm, d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d. \u00c1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 Phan Th\u1eddi Nh\u1ea1 b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Si\u00eau b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 (\u0111i \u0111\u00e0y). Ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3o B\u00f9i Qu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o Phan V\u0103n Nh\u00e3, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3o H\u1ee3p b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Sau n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t, vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb ra l\u1ec7nh tha t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft cho \u00f4ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 long tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ecdn Qu\u00e1t d\u00e1m l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Song ta ngh\u0129 do s\u1ef1 kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoan tha cho t\u1ed9i x\u1eed t\u1eed\u2026”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u00e1n t\u1eeb \u201ctr\u1ea3m quy\u1ebft\u201d (ch\u00e9m ch\u1ebft ngay) th\u00e0nh \u201cgi\u1ea3o giam h\u1eadu\u201d (giam l\u1ea1i, x\u1eed ch\u1ebft sau). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Sau g\u1ea7n 3 n\u0103m b\u1ecb giam, t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1843, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0110\u00e0o Tr\u00ed Ph\u00fa \u0111i c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn Indonesia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i. Sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 lo vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u0103n th\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Theo Vietnamnet<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u00e0i thi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed, b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1eady t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":33836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n