1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n
– L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c (1724- 1791) hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Li\u00eau X\u00e1, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o, ph\u1ee7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3ng, tr\u1ea5n H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean M\u0129, t\u1ec9nh H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean<\/p>\n
– \u00d4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh y, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b>\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh k\u00ed s\u1ef1<\/i>\u00a0(K\u00ed s\u1ef1 l\u00ean kinh) l\u00e0 t\u1eadp k\u00ed s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1783, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i b\u1ed9\u00a0H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng y t\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u0129nh<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 k\u00ed s\u1ef1 – m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n
Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh k\u00ed s\u1ef1 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe c\u1ee7a L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb H\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n ra Th\u0103ng Long ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho cha con ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m. T\u1eadp k\u00ed s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i quang c\u1ea3nh kinh \u0111\u00f4, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa trong ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e2n hoan \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho y thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch\u00a0V\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh<\/i>\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c l\u00ean t\u1edbi kinh \u0111\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n cho Trinh C\u00e1n.<\/p>\nII. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i<\/h2>\n
C\u00e2u 1 (trang 9 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n * \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch v\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 quang c\u1ea3nh trong ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i \u2192 trong, t\u1eeb bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3):<\/p>\n – R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1eeda, n\u0103m s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea5m<\/p>\n – Canh gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/p>\n – C\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1: C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i um t\u00f9m, chim k\u00eau r\u00edu r\u00edt, danh hoa \u0111ua th\u1eafm…<\/p>\n – Trong ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, quy\u1ec1n b\u1ed5ng, g\u00e1c t\u00eda, ki\u1ec7u son, m\u00e2m v\u00e0ng ch\u00e9n b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n – N\u1ed9i cung th\u1ebf t\u1eed c\u00f3 s\u1eadp v\u00e0ng, gh\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ec7m g\u1ea5m, m\u00e0n l\u00e0…<\/p>\n => Quang c\u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 xa hoa, l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby.<\/p>\n * C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xa hoa trong quang c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 cung c\u00e1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7y ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n – V\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9, c\u00f3 l\u00ednh ch\u1ea1y th\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n – Trong ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1o r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c quan \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1eafc c\u1eedi.<\/p>\n – Trong cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn v\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4ng cung th\u1ebf t\u1eed, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c cung k\u00ednh, l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n – Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 phi t\u1ea7n ch\u1ea7u ch\u1ef1c, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t ch\u00faa, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m theo l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua quan Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ebf t\u1eed \u1ed1m v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 7 – 8 th\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c t\u00fac tr\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn hai b\u00ean. Tuy m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m, s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng khi v\u00e0o xem m\u1ea1ch l\u1eabn khi ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai l\u1ea1y cung k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n => \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5, khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 cao sang, quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa, h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n * Nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t, ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa:<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua c\u00e1ch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa t\u1eeb khi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1edbi khi y l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 ch\u1edd th\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 \u2192 Ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 xa hoa, quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n => T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ecf th\u1edd \u01a1, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e0u sang n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ti\u1ec7n nghi m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu sinh kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 9 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u1eaft\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1ed9i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m:<\/p>\n – Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: th\u1ebf t\u1eed – m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 – ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ec5m tr\u1ec7 tr\u00ean s\u1eadp v\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u2013 qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u201cng\u00e0i\u201d c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ban cho m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen \u201cr\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb con\u201d: \u00d4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1y kh\u00e9o!<\/p>\n – Chi ti\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ea1ch:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ta (quan Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) m\u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong m\u00e0n g\u1ea5m r\u1ed3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. \u1ede trong t\u1ed1i om, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103m, s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady…\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u2192 G\u1ee3i n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t b\u1edfi son v\u00e0ng \u2192 s\u1ef1 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n => \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed C\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p n\u01a1i th\u00e2m cung thi\u1ebfu sinh kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, truy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3 (trang 9 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Khi chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c cho th\u1ebf t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.<\/p>\n – \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7m ch\u1eebng cho th\u1ebf t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi y \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u1ee5 l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng…<\/p>\n – Khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eefa b\u00eanh cho th\u1ebf t\u1eed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n => Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c:<\/p>\n – T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n – L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u y \u0111\u1ee9c, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i, y\u00eau th\u00edch n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do, thanh \u0111\u1ea1m \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 4 (trang 9 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft k\u00ed s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n – S\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o; b\u00fat ph\u00e1p t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n – N\u1ed9i dung ghi ch\u00e9p trung th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n (trang 9 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b>\u00a0So s\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch …<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y b\u00fat l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u00f9y b\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n tru\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c; kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" I. V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 – L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c (1724- 1791) hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Li\u00eau X\u00e1, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o, ph\u1ee7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3ng, tr\u1ea5n H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (nay thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean M\u0129, t\u1ec9nh H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean – \u00d4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh y, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1316],"tags":[1453,1508],"yoast_head":"\nIII. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n