1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n
Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t (1809? \u2013 1855) t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Chu Th\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C\u00fac \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, M\u1eabn Hi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecb, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh (nay thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Long Bi\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Qu\u00e1t. Th\u01a1 v\u0103n \u00f4ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khai s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b><\/p>\n
– Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c: Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111i thi H\u1ed9i. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf, qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb) (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00e3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i, s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n, n\u00fai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n
– Th\u1ec3 th\u01a1: th\u1ec3 ca h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do, ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u, ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafc, v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 1 (trang 42 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n –\u00a0B\u00e3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u00e3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i<\/i>: m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n \u2192 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c: \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n \u2192 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn danh l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n – H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t:<\/p>\n + \u0110i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 lu\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc: n\u1ed7i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n + Kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa, b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi n\u00fai s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n + Th\u1eddi gian: m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111i.<\/p>\n + N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft r\u01a1i \u2192 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, gian tru\u00e2n.<\/p>\n => M\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m day d\u1ee9t, \u0111au x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng cho \u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 42 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n S\u00e1u c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean \u00f4ng ph\u00e9p ng\u1ee7<\/i><\/p>\n Tr\u00e8o non, l\u1ed9i su\u1ed1i, gi\u1eadn kh\u00f4n v\u01a1i!<\/i><\/p>\n X\u01b0a nay, ph\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i,<\/i><\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea7u gi\u00f3 h\u01a1i men th\u01a1m qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/i><\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi say v\u00f4 s\u1ed1, t\u1ec9nh bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/i><\/p>\n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Danh l\u1ee3i (vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, thi c\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ed1n quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1. Hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7i ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00ec t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng danh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng danh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u ngon \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ea5y ai t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Danh l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m say ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n => S\u00e1u c\u00e2u th\u01a1 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n say danh l\u1ee3i v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3 (trang 42 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi r\u00e3 r\u1eddi. T\u1ea7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc khoa c\u1eed, c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng danh theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t sa l\u1ea7y trong c\u00e1t hay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebb s\u0129 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u1ebb loi \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u0103n tr\u1edf nh\u01b0ng k\u00ec v\u0129, v\u1eeba qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft v\u1eeba tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00f4ng gai.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 4 (trang 42 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u th\u01a1, \u0111em l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t phong ph\u00fa. C\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00e1 linh ho\u1ea1t, khi th\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp 2\/3, khi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 4\/3. C\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi bu\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh, tr\u00fac tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i, mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng danh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n (trang 42 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b>\u00a0Qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y …<\/p>\n B\u00e0i ca ng\u1eafn \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Cao b\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng danh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i\u00a0\u0110\u1eafc gia th\u01b0, th\u1ecb nh\u1eadt t\u00e1c,<\/i>\u00a0\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n D\u01b0 sinh ph\u00f9 danh ng\u1ed9<\/i><\/p>\n Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u1ec7 v\u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/i><\/p>\n (\u0110\u1eddi ta l\u1ea7m l\u1ee1 v\u00ec c\u00e1i danh h\u1edd<\/i><\/p>\n H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong b\u00fat m\u1ef1c)<\/i><\/p>\n V\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 thi c\u1eed v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm danh l\u1ee3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn Cao B\u00e1 Quat nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n Tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i So\u1ea1n v\u0103n 11 kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" I. V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t (1809? \u2013 1855) t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Chu Th\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C\u00fac \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, M\u1eabn Hi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecb, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh (nay thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Long Bi\u00ean, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1316],"tags":[1453,1508,1455],"yoast_head":"\nIII. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n