I. V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n

1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n

Vic-to Huy-g\u00f4 (1802 \u2013 1885) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u1edf s\u1edbm v\u00e0 r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX cho t\u1edbi nay.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:\u00a0Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Pa-ri<\/i>\u00a0(1831),\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5<\/i>(1862),\u00a0Ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ba<\/i>\u00a0(1874),… Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi:\u00a0L\u00e1 thu<\/i>\u00a0(1831),\u00a0Tia s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i<\/i>\u00a0(1840),\u00a0Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/i>\u00a0(1853)…<\/p>\n

T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Huy-g\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p khi m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n P\u0103ng – t\u00ea – \u00f4ng, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u0103m 1985, v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m Huy-g\u00f4 \u2013 Danh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong kho t\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u201cm\u00eanh m\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Huy-g\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t mang t\u00ean: Ph\u0103ng-tin, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: C\u00f4 – d\u00e9t; ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba: Ma – ri – u\u00fdt; ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: T\u00ecnh ca ph\u1ed1 P\u01a1 – luy – m\u00ea v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng ca ph\u1ed1 Xanh \u0110\u01a1 – ni; ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c uy quy\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00a0n\u1eb1m \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb Gia-ve b\u1eaft oan, Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u00fa m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai, v\u00e0 Ma – \u0111\u01a1 – len ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean gi\u1ea3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 Ph\u0103ng-tin trong khi n\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn…<\/p>\n

II. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i<\/h2>\n

C\u00e2u 1 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u00e2t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 Gia-ve:<\/p>\n

* Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gia-ve:<\/p>\n

a, Ch\u00e2n dung, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gia-ve:<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00fa c\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

– \u0110i\u1ec7u c\u01b0\u1eddi: gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, ph\u00f4 ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0m r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

=> Ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con \u00e1c th\u00fa hung b\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

b, Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gia ve khi t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 Ph\u0103ng-tin:<\/p>\n

– Khi g\u1eb7p Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng<\/p>\n

+ Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: giong n\u00f3i th\u00fa g\u1ea7m, x\u01b0ng h\u00f4: m\u00e0y \u2013 tao.<\/p>\n

\u2192 H\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

+ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ec, t\u00fam l\u1ea5y c\u1ed5 \u00e1o.<\/p>\n

– Khi g\u1eb7p Ph\u0103ng-tin:<\/p>\n

+ Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: qu\u00e1t ch\u1eedi, x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 th\u00f4 b\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

+ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: n\u00f3i to\u1ea1c ra h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con g\u00e1i Ph\u0103ng-tin.<\/p>\n

\u2192 H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa r\u00ecnh m\u1ed3i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

=> B\u1eb1ng b\u00fat ph\u00e1p mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt so s\u00e1nh, ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gia-ve m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

* Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng<\/p>\n

a, T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng qua \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch:<\/p>\n

– Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft oan, Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng t\u1ef1 th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

– S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecm con cho Ph\u0103ng-tin<\/p>\n

b, Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u00e1c:<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

+ V\u1edbi Gia-ve: t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y uy quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

+ V\u1edbi Ph\u0103ng-tin: nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh, quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gia-ve: bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gia-ve \u2192 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u xin \u2192 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y thanh s\u1eaft tr\u1eebng tr\u1eebng nh\u00ecn Gia-ve.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u0103ng-tin: quan t\u00e2m, \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, lo l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

=> M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4 – d\u00e9t cho Ph\u0103ng-tin, lo l\u1eafng Ph\u0103ng-tin b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft tin.<\/p>\n

c, Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng qua s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n

– L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea3nh b\u00e0 x\u01a1 Xem – pli – x\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin.<\/p>\n

=> Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf, c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

* \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

– Khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gia-ve, Huy-g\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua b\u1ed9 d\u1ea1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u:\u00a0\u201cTrong c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec7u h\u1eafn n\u00f3i l\u00ean hai ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y (Mau l\u00ean) c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec man r\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng. […]. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00fa g\u1ea7m\u201d; \u201cGia-ve ph\u00e1 l\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i c\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00ea t\u1edfm ph\u00f4 ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0m r\u0103ng\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

– \u1ede Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean qua ng\u00f2i b\u00fat mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n:\u00a0\u201c\u00d4ng b\u1ea3o Ph\u0103ng-tin b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh\u201d,<\/i>\u00a0l\u00fac l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u1ea7m h\u1ea1 gi\u1ecdng… \u2192 N\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ph\u0103ng-tin: h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u tinh. Gi\u0103ng Van – Gi\u0103ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p qua c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 x\u01a1 Xem – pli \u2013 x\u01a1:\u00a0\u201cl\u00fac Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m b\u00ean tai Ph\u0103ng-tin b\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i m\u00f4i nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft xa x\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 3 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1eeb c\u00e2u\u00a0\u201c\u00d4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb?\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u\u00a0\u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea3\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0: B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 (hay \u201ctr\u1eef t\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3\u201d).<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n\u00a0kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c uy quy\u1ec1n:<\/i><\/p>\n

– Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u00e1c, s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

– Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nhen nh\u00f3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 4 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qua \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 bi l\u1ee5y.<\/p>\n

– G\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng r\u1ee1, n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin khi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, nhen nh\u00f3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Huy-g\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n (Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng) gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n

C\u00e2u 1 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ph\u0103ng-tin:<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u0103ng-tin (n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n) > < Gia \u2013 ve (c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u0103ng-tin (n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n) > < Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng (V\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh).<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng: Ph\u0103ng-tin t\u1eeb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Khi nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gia-ve \u201cTao \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Ma – \u0111\u01a1 – len…\u201d ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i, ch\u1ecb ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t \u0111i.<\/p>\n

\u2192 H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p khi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i \u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u0103ng-tin khi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a chan tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u1eadu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ph\u0103ng-tin \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n – \u00e1c. Qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gia-ve v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 3 (trang 80 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 11 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean truy\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7n – \u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gi\u0103ng Van-gi\u0103ng, Ph\u0103ng-tin \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Gia-ve. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vic-to Huy-g\u00f4 (1802 \u2013 1885) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u1edf s\u1edbm v\u00e0 r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX cho t\u1edbi nay. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:\u00a0Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Pa-ri\u00a0(1831),\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5(1862),\u00a0Ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ba\u00a0(1874),… Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi:\u00a0L\u00e1 thu\u00a0(1831),\u00a0Tia s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1316],"tags":[1453,1504],"yoast_head":"\n