\u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i:<\/b>\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00e0i th\u01a1 “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9<\/i><\/p>\n
B\u00e0i l\u00e0m<\/b><\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 (1778 – 1858) l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf, l\u01b0u danh s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. L\u00fac s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0n s\u0129, l\u00fac c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n chinh chi\u1ebfn, l\u00fac l\u00e0m l\u00ednh th\u00fa, l\u00fac l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i quan. Vinh nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng, th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u00f4ng c\u0169ng h\u0103m h\u1edf ch\u00ed nam nhi, s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ee3 tang b\u1ed3ng, s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
“\u0110\u00e3 mang ti\u1ebfng \u1edf trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t,<\/i><\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 danh g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00fai s\u00f4ng”.<\/i><\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p qua b\u00e0i ph\u00fa N\u00f4m “H\u00e0n nho phong v\u1ecb ph\u1ee7”, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 60 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 h\u00e1t n\u00f3i c\u1ef1c k\u00ec t\u00e0i hoa. “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 h\u00e1t n\u1ed1i ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c trong n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 ca d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai kh\u1ed5 d\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 19 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng, r\u00e9o r\u1eaft, l\u00fac khoan thai, l\u00fac h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean nghe r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. H\u1eaft n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i ho\u00e0, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed s\u0129 n\u0103m 1848, sau g\u1ea7n 30 n\u0103m l\u00e0m quan v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3u Nguy\u1ec5n. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft sau khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed s\u0129 t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 vang l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng Hi V\u0103n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng danh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i t\u1eed, ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
“Ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng, \u1edf ch\u1ed7 cheo leo d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5, d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i (T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t). Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u “ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i ca, th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 say s\u01b0a hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea5t cao m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng nam nhi, \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00e0i trai. R\u1ea5t trang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng: “V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c phi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1” \u2014 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ta. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111inh t\u00e2m th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n? L\u00fac th\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: “V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 giai ng\u00f4 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1” (Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ta ~-N\u1ee3 tang b\u1ed3ng0; “V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn n\u1ed9i” (Vi\u1ec7c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ta – G\u00e1nh trung hi\u1ebfu). C\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec “\u00d4ng Hi V\u0103n t\u00e0i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng”. Hi V\u0103n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9. “T\u00e0i b\u1ed9” l\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. Ch\u1eef “l\u1ed3ng” trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau. “V\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p vua ch\u00faa c\u00e1i n\u01a1i ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, t\u00f9 t\u00fang tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng” (L\u00ea Tr\u00ed Vi\u1ec5n). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “l\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5”. Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u00e3 mang ti\u1ebfng \u1edf trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t”, ho\u1eb7c “Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f4ng danh chi \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n” (tr\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n: c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n). C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai h\u1ee3p l\u00ed h\u01a1n, v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111ua tranh, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n
“Ch\u00ed l\u00e0m trai nam b\u1eafc t\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4ng,<\/i><\/p>\n
Cho ph\u1ec9 s\u1ee9c v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ec3”.<\/i><\/p>\n
Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng danh, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m th\u1ebf m\u00ecnh, “t\u00e0i b\u1ed9” m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ed namnhi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh mang t\u1ea7m v\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng Hi V\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c danh. H\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh thi c\u1eeb, \u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u00ed th\u1ed1 v\u1edbi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1: “C\u00e1i n\u1ee3 c\u1ea9m th\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 xong”. N\u0103m 1819, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed7 Th\u1ee7 khoa tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ngh\u1ec7 An. L\u00e0m quan v\u00f5, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tham t\u00e1n; l\u00e0m quan v\u0103n, l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng (H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean). Ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m l\u1eaby l\u1eebng “L\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5ng anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2uu \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1ecf” (“Ch\u00ed anh h\u00f9ng”). \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao danh v\u1ecdng b\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n v\u00f5 to\u00e0n t\u00e0i, b\u1edfi c\u00f3 “g\u1ed1m thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c”, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng Hi V\u0103n m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “tay ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng”, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u01a1n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp (3-3-4-3-3-2), ba l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef “khi” \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch ph\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ed kh\u00ed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd:<\/p>\n
“Khi Th\u1ee7 khoa! khi Tham t\u00e1n ! khi T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng,<\/i><\/p>\n
G\u1ed3m thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c ! \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean tay ! ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng”.<\/i><\/p>\n
B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo (kh\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa), \u00fd th\u01a1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf. Th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec x\u00f4ng pha tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc ba qu\u00e2n: “B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y c\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng”. Th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u00ec gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap vua, l\u00e0m “Ph\u1ee7 do\u00e3n Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1847, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t danh v\u1ecdng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: “L\u00fac l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng, ta ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf l\u00e0m vinh, l\u00fac l\u00e0m l\u00ednh th\u00fa, ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c”. Sau 30 n\u0103m l\u00e0m quan, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 v\u1ec3 tr\u00ed s\u0129 \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba tr\u00f2n 70 tu\u1ed5i (1848):<\/p>\n
“\u0110\u00f4 m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 chi ni\u00ean,<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1c ng\u1ef1a b\u00f2 v\u00e0ng \u0111eo ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng”.<\/i><\/p>\n
Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee5 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i quan thu\u1edf n\u00e0o “ng\u1ef1a ng\u1ef1a xe xe” nay ch\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u00f2 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cho b\u00f2 \u0111eo \u0111\u1ea1c ng\u1ef1a. C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00f2 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1edbi “mi\u1ec7ng th\u1ebf”. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u00e2n gian v\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc mo cau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Hi V\u0103n thu\u1edf n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
“Xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a, l\u00ean xe, n\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0n.<\/i><\/p>\n
L\u1ee3m m\u00f9i gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi th\u0103ng quan.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1n vi\u00ean d\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfc xe b\u00f2 c\u00e1i,<\/i><\/p>\n
S\u1eb5n t\u1ea5m mo che mi\u1ec7ng th\u1ebf gian”.<\/i><\/p>\n
T\u00e1m c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo trong hai kh\u1ed5 d\u00f4i n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng. X\u01b0a kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u2014 “tay ki\u1ebfm cung” \u2014 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nay s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb “n\u00ean d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb bi”. \u0110i v\u00e3n c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a, \u0111i th\u0103m th\u00fa nh\u1eefng danh lam th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh “K\u00eca n\u00fai n\u1ecd phau phau m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng”, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mang theo “m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i d\u00ec”, nh\u0169ng n\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi “g\u00f3t ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec9nh”…<\/p>\n
“K\u00eca n\u00fai n\u1ecd phau phau m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng,<\/i><\/p>\n
Tay ki\u1ebfm cung m\u00e0 n\u00ean d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb bi.<\/i><\/p>\n
G\u00f3t ti\u00ean theo \u0111\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i d\u00ec.<\/i><\/p>\n
B\u1ee5t c\u0169ng n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng…”<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i c\u0169ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh. “B\u1ee5t c\u0169ng n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 tr\u00e0o g\u1ee3i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh. B\u1ee5t c\u01b0\u1eddi, hay thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u01b0\u1eddi? Hay \u00f4ng Hi V\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh? \u0110\u00e3 tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng danh l\u1ee3i r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ea5t” l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 t\u00edch “Th\u1ea5t m\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u00f4ng” m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u00e0m g\u00ec! Chuy\u1ec7n “khen, ch\u00ea” c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, xin b\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i tai, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng (xu\u00e2n) ph\u01a1i ph\u1edbi th\u1ed5i qua. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00e1m s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 bi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n n\u01a1i c\u1eeda Kh\u1ed5ng s\u00e2n Tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i quan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, phong t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ea5t”, b\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i tai m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi th\u1ecb phi, khen ch\u00ea, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi nhi\u00ean, h\u1ed5n nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, vui th\u00fa. Tuy ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch, thanh cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t hay trong “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng”:<\/p>\n
“Khi ca \/ khi t\u1eedu \/ khi c\u1eafc \/ khi t\u00f9ng \/<\/i><\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt \/ kh\u00f4ng Ti\u00ean \/ kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee5c”.<\/i><\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp 2, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0 thanh (b\u1eb1ng, tr\u1eafc), l\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5n, l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p (khi… kh\u00f4ng..,) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e2u th\u01a1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t phong th\u00e1i ung dung, y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi, ham s\u1ed1ng, thanh cao ch\u1eb3ng v\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fat b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc to v\u00e0 h\u00e1t l\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1y, nh\u1ecbp ph\u00e1ch, ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea7u, ta m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1c ho\u00e0 quy\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea9n th\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 t\u00e0i hoa, t\u00e0i t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ed5 x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 c\u00e2u. C\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2u keo ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6 t\u1eeb. N\u00ean ghi \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ‘Tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eadp th\u01a1 ca tr\u00f9” – NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc 1987 m\u1edb\u00ed \u0111\u00fang thi ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n
“Ch\u1eb3ng Tr\u00e1i, Nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0n, Ph\u00fa,<\/i><\/p>\n
Ngh\u0129a vua, t\u00f4i cho v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01a1 chung,<\/i><\/p>\n
Trong tri\u1ec1u ai ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng!”<\/i><\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh th\u1ea7n thu\u1ef7 chung, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n “ngh\u0129a vua t\u00f4i”. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i “N\u1ee3 tang b\u1ed3ng”:<\/p>\n
“Ch\u00ed tang b\u1ed3ng h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi giang san,<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng trung hi\u1ebfu, ch\u1eef qu\u00e2n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c”.<\/i><\/p>\n
T\u00e0i n\u0103ng, c\u00f4ng danh m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u00e9m g\u00ec Tr\u00e1i Tu\u00e2n, Nh\u1ea1c Phi, H\u00e0n K\u1ef3, Ph\u00fa B\u1eadt – nh\u1eefng anh t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng b\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Hai so s\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n xa, trong ngo\u00e0i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng “\u00f4ng” \u0111\u0129nh \u0111\u1ea1c, h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng: “Trong tri\u1ec1u ai ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng!”. C\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i, th\u1ef1c danh, ph\u1ea3i “v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ea1o vua t\u00f4i” m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “tay ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng”, “\u00f4ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t t\u00e0i hoa, t\u00e0i t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 tr\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee5c”, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t li. Ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf m\u1edbi sang tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i nhan \u0111\u1ec1, thi \u0111\u1ec1 “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Hi V\u0103n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. C\u00e1ch b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, thi s\u0129 T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 h\u00e1t n\u00f3i, th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t “ng\u00f4ng”. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 t\u00e0i danh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
Th\u01a1 h\u00e1t n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf, uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. Ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
Trong n\u1ec1n thi ca c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t nam, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Khu\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0… l\u00e0 nh\u0169ng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ef1 ph\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00f3i tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c. Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, ch\u1ea5t t\u00e0i t\u1eed ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u00ed anh h\u00f9ng, n\u1ee3 tang b\u1ed3ng, ch\u00ed nam nhi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc th\u01a1 h\u00e1t n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9. “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 “B\u00e0i ca t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Hi V\u0103n cho ta nhi\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i:\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00e0i th\u01a1 “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng” c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 B\u00e0i l\u00e0m Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 (1778 – 1858) l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf, l\u01b0u danh s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. L\u00fac s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1317],"tags":[1487,1452],"yoast_head":"\n