+ H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00e3i c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i (\u0111i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef).<\/p>\n

+ M\u1edd m\u1ecbt, n\u00fai mu\u00f4n l\u1edbp, s\u00f3ng mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee3t, m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c c\u00e1t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t l\u1ea1i b\u00e3i c\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t t\u1eddi l\u1eb7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00f4i, v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba l\u1ec7 tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00e3i c\u00e1t d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi xa x\u00f4i, m\u1edd m\u1ecbt. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gian nan v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh. Qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m day d\u1ee9t, \u0111au x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng cho \u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u00e1u c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/p>\n

Kh<\/span>\u00f4<\/span>ng h<\/span>\u1ecd<\/span>c <\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3<\/span>c ti<\/span>\u00ea<\/span>n <\/span>\u00f4<\/span>ng ph<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>p ng<\/span>\u1ee7,<\/span>\r\n................................<\/span>\r\nNg<\/span>\u01b0\u1edd<\/span>i say v<\/span>\u00f4<\/span> s<\/span>\u1ed1,<\/span> t<\/span>\u1ec9<\/span>nh bao ng<\/span>\u01b0\u1edd<\/span>i<\/span>?<\/span><\/i>\r\n<\/pre>\n
T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 qua s\u00e1u c\u00e2u th\u01a1. S\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh v\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau. Danh l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3”, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i theo v\u00ec h\u01a1i men c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi say h\u01a1i men.<\/p>\n
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh say men th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ca th\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 con l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a: ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed, c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng danh theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169. Tuy t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, song c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e3i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 3<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n
T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi r\u00e3 r\u1eddi. T\u1ea7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc khoa c\u1eed, c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng danh theo l\u1ed1i c\u0169. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t m\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i danh, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u00f4gic. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t sa l\u1ea7y v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1t ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng danh, b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n, \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00f4ng gai, tuy ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, song Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t danh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 4<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n
Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 5 ch\u1eef, 7 ch\u1eef, 8 ch\u1eef v\u1edbi ng\u1eaft nh\u1ecbp kh\u00e1 linh ho\u1ea1t. Khi th\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp2\/3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t, khi l\u00e0 3\/5, khi l\u1ea1i 4\/3. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra, nh\u1ecbp th\u01a1 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. T\u1eebng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng khi kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, khi day d\u1ee9t, khi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
II. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n
Qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1 “B\u00e0i ca ng\u1eafn \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t”, anh (ch\u1ecb) h\u00e3y th\u1eed l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
T\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea5y to\u00e1t l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7m, trung th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7y tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n b\u0103n kho\u0103n, day d\u1ee9t v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111i. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu say, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu “h\u1ecdc ph\u00e9p ng\u1ee7<\/i>” \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng say ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao k\u1ebb dung t\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 b\u0103n kho\u0103n tr\u0103n tr\u1edf c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u1ef1 tra v\u1ea5n quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch cao c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang ti\u1ec1m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y, ngay t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, trong \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1m ch\u1ee9a \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i thay th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn h\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t ch\u1ed1n quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb d\u1eadp v\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc), \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00ed do khi\u1ebfn CBQ \u0111\u00e3 tham gia cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n n\u0103m 1854.<\/p>\n