V\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u00e1i tim, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 rung l\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb hay m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, “l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng nh\u1eb1m k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a, ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ra \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX (1898), “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao” c\u1ee7a An-t\u00f4n S\u00ea-kh\u1ed1p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00f4i qua, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc trong Ng\u1eef v\u0103n 11, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao”, v\u00ec qua \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch ng\u1ea7m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua 2 l\u1edbp ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3, ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 ba. Ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t “t\u00f4i” ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o Bu-r\u01a1-kin k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 I-van I-va-n\u1ee9t v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00f2ng gh\u00e9p ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 trong ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3, ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng trong ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o Bu-r\u01a1-kin k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 I-van I-va-n\u1ee9t v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00f2ng v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a chon kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o Bu-r\u01a1-kin k\u1ec3, v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a chon ng\u00f4i k\u00ea \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, di \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 ba sang ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 \u00edt sang ng\u00f4i k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u. Di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn quy chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf c\u00f9ng c\u0103n h\u1ed9, hai ph\u00f2ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n nhau, n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe y\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i truy\u1ec7n sau khi ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p xong ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec1n quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn sang ng\u00f4i nh\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u “ch\u00fang t\u00f4i”, l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u00ea-li-c\u00f4p, ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong bao v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9 B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

K\u00e9o theo nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u k\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i v\u1eeba gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, m\u1ec9a mai v\u1eeba u bu\u1ed3n\u2026 Qua h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao, B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t, b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nga cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u “trong bao” n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Ngay nhan \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a \u0111en bao l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng che \u0111\u1eady, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m\u2026 Ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p lu\u00f4n thu minh trong bao, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t, c\u0169 k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 bao b\u1ecdc l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1t ra l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb “b\u1ecf” v\u00e0o “bao” hay t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh “chui” v\u00e0o “bao”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 anh ta t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp d\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u trong bao hay do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ea9y anh ta “v\u00e0o trong bao”?<\/p>\n

B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n dung bi\u1ebfm ho\u1ea1, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng ai: g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t, nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, cho\u1eaft nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed3n; quanh n\u0103m anh ta \u0111i gi\u00e0y cao su, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o b\u00e0nh t\u00f4, \u0111eo k\u00ednh r\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169, hai l\u1ed7 tai nh\u00e9t b\u00f4ng, tay c\u1ea7m d\u00f9,\u2026 C\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 trong bao.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh anh ta lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u trong bao m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn anh ta \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3i trong bao. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m anh ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i 5 l\u1ea7n c\u00e2u “Nh\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i x\u00e3y ra chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec th\u00ec sao”; khi n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 anh ta k\u00e9o ch\u0103n tr\u00f9m k\u00edn m\u00edt; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i im; c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p c\u0169ng gi\u1ea5u trong bao v\u00ec v\u1eady cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp d\u1ecb, nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng t\u01b0, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3u, r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, lu\u00f4n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2026 Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1i bao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i 12 l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2n dung B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 thu m\u00ecnh trong bao t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, suy ngh\u0129\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. B\u00ea- \u00ea- lin- xki cho r\u1eb1ng “T\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft”. B\u00ea -li-c\u1ed1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a An-t\u00f4n S\u00ea-kh\u1ed1p, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u00f5 n\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ai v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng “trong bao”, g\u1ea5p s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p b\u1eb1ng da, b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, suy ngh\u0129, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ki\u1ec3u “trong bao” v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n anh ta v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111ang ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Ch\u00ednh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebb ra l\u1eafm th\u1ee9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p ch\u1ebft, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng do nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 ki\u1ec3u “trong bao”. B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ef1ng thi th\u1ec3 y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “bao” k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi “trong bao” kh\u00f4ng. Khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ea9m ch\u00ed l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u00ec th\u1ebf ai c\u0169ng gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho x\u1ea5u xa, n\u00ean khi anh ta ch\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh ta c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1ng trong bao, ki\u1ec3u s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, nh\u00fat nhat, r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lan ra c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 anh ta, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p d\u1ecda b\u00e1o thanh tra, c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean\u2026th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u run s\u1ee3, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i t\u1eebng t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 “B\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 h\u1eafn. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 h\u1eafn\u2026.c\u00e1i th\u1eb1ng cha quanh n\u0103m \u0111i d\u00e0y cao su v\u00e0 mang \u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u2026 M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc! C\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u1eefa \u1ea5y!”. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e2y lan t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trong bao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3, thanh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n g\u00ec c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i bao c\u00f2n mang h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111en t\u1ed1i, t\u00f9 t\u00fang, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao”, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n \u1ea5y: ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga ho\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111o c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 g\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4i v\u1eabn t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 “Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 c\u0169, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p g\u00ec h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea7u \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa!”, V\u1eady v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao” m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao” \u1ea5y. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00ed nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Oskar trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “C\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfc” c\u1ee7a Gunter Grass. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng tron bao c\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a chon?<\/p>\n

M.Gorki \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00ea-kh\u1ed1p, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y “ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed3n bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng”, “Ti\u1ebfng th\u1edf d\u00e0i kh\u1ebd s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim trong s\u1ea1ch”. C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n khi \u0111\u1ecdc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong bao th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng: “Truy\u1ec7n B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh: h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 t\u00ean h\u1ecd nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn”. Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a B\u00ea-li-c\u1ed1p, c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 soi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u00e1i tim, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 rung l\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb hay m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1317],"tags":[1451,1452,1470],"yoast_head":"\n