Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (1872 \u2013 1926) t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 T\u1eed C\u00e1n, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng T\u00e2y L\u1ed9c, huy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 Tam K\u00ec. (Nay l\u00e0 th\u00f4n T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, x\u00e3 Tam L\u1ed9c, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Ninh, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam), \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Nam tri\u1ec1u h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ea7u Ph\u00e1p chinh ph\u0169 th\u01b0 (1906), Tinh qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed3n ca II (1907, 1922), T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 thi t\u1eadp (1904 \u2013 1914), X\u0103ng-t\u00ea thi t\u1eadp( 1914 -1915), Th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n (1922), \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y (1925), \u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch V\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n III c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y do Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam 19-11- 1925 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch to\u00e1t l\u00ean d\u0169ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e1m v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: l\u00fac t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, l\u00fac \u0111anh th\u00e9p, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do d\u00e2n ta thi\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i chung. Vua quan th\u00ec tham lam, \u00edch k\u1ec9, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eabn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 lo c\u00f4ng \u00edch, lo cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nhau, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c M\u00e1c. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00ean theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u2013 qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00ed gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f2n C\u00e1c M\u00e1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung, l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau trong \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea5y. Khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf ki XVI) th\u00ec c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o lo c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ea5y. Chi sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh th\u00ec trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1eabn lu\u00e2n l\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau vong. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec d\u00e2n ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n 1 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0: \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lu\u00e2n l\u00ed th\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, so v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia lu\u00e2n l\u00ed th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n 2, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u00fd th\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1 cao d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: B\u00ean Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c Chinh ph\u1ee7, l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u1eb7c k\u00eau n\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecb oai, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh m\u1edbi nghe.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: D\u00e2n ta chi bi\u1ebft lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u2026 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ee9ng minh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ai tai n\u1ea5y, ai ch\u1ebft m\u1eb7c ai! \u0110i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t c\u0169ng ng\u01a1 m\u1eaft \u0111i qua, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai: D\u00e2n ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng \u00edch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u00f4ng \u00edch, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nhau, bi\u1ebft g\u00f3p gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u00e3o, gi\u1ee5m c\u00e2y l\u00e0m r\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi, l\u01a1 l\u00e1o, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t, \u00f9 l\u00ec nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng cha ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft: Kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ebb \u0111\u0169a c\u1ea3 n\u1eafm v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec1u tay l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 chi r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng \u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn vua quan \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u00e0 b\u1edfi ba b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafc ham quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbc, ham b\u1ea3 vinh hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua m\u00e0 sinh ra gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 Vua m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 d\u00e2n. B\u1ecdn \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef t\u00fai tham m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng m\u00e3i, b\u00e8n ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1 tan t\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba: Vua quan m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c b\u00f3p n\u1eb7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, chi bi\u1ebft v\u01a1 v\u00e9t, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, coi s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n l\u00f2ng tham c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, d\u1eabu c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb mang \u0111ai \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u00e1o r\u1ed9ng kh\u0103n \u0111en l\u00fac nh\u00fac l\u1ea1y d\u01b0\u1edbi, tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng xong!<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7i \u0111au x\u00f3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng t\u0103m t\u1ed1i th\u00f4 th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: D\u00e2n kh\u00f4n m\u00e0 chi! D\u00e2n ngu m\u00e0 chi! D\u00e2n l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 chi! D\u00e2n h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 chi ! D\u00e2n c\u00e0ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ng\u00f4i vua c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ecdn vua quan l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u00fa qu\u00fd!<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec khen \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 th\u00ec d\u1ef1a h\u01a1i quan, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ham m\u1ed3i ph\u00fa qu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111ua chen v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1eddi nay c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y! Lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u \u2013 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi b\u1ecdn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, t\u00f4i chi m\u01b0\u1ee3n hai ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u n\u00f3i cho anh em d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i \u2013 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau \u0111\u00edch danh b\u1ecdn quan tham: Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a th\u00ec b\u1ecdn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec b\u1ecdn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9c ki l\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n; c\u00f3 khi b\u1ed3i b\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ra l\u00e0m quan n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u0169 \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i tham lam, nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i Nam tri\u1ec1u. Trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 vua quan chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 h\u00e8n k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n b\u1ecdn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb r\u00fat t\u1ec9a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y l\u00faa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n mua v\u01b0\u1eddn s\u1eafm ru\u1ed9ng, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u \u0111ua nhau ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y xu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 mua quan b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7ng h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch \u2026 m\u00e0 d\u00e2n v\u1eabn n\u00edn nh\u1ecbn, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m b\u00ecnh, ch\u00ea bai g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kia \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u00f3 theo s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y theo, qu\u1ef5 l\u1ee5y, d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm: Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ea5y quan sang, quan quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng b\u00e9n m\u00f9i l\u00e0m quan. N\u00e0o lo cho quan, n\u00e0o l\u00f3t cho l\u1ea1i, n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y xu\u00f4i, d\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u b\u00e1n tr\u00e2u c\u0169ng vui l\u00f2ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c cai t\u1ed5ng, \u0111\u1eb7ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7ng h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ai khen ch\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng ai khinh b\u1ec9, th\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u1ea1 thay! Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4i ! L\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kia \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u00f3 theo s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ki\u1ec1u c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u00d4i ! M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1ea3y n\u1edf trong \u00f3c ch\u00fang l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed tr\u00ed t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, chan ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed7i x\u00f3t xa, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 th\u00ea th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y ta r\u00f5 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t trung th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf th\u00f3i d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n mua danh b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean, \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 vua quan th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t l\u00e0m b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh cho r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. \u00d4ng xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng suy ng\u1eabm k\u0129 c\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u00edt cho m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 vua quan th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Nay mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 hay h\u01a1n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0y. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft: l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, l\u00f4g\u00edch, x\u00fac c\u1ea3m ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft; qua l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu qua k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy l\u00ed lu\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i tham nh\u0169ng, hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o khi v\u1ea1ch ra th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh (1872 \u2013 1926) t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 T\u1eed C\u00e1n, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng T\u00e2y L\u1ed9c, huy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 Tam K\u00ec. (Nay l\u00e0 th\u00f4n T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, x\u00e3 Tam L\u1ed9c, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Ninh, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam), \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1317],"tags":[1453,1452,1470],"yoast_head":"\n