I. N\u1ed9i dung<\/h2>\n

C\u00e2u 1:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u1ecdc giai \u0111\u1ea1n t\u1eeb TK XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX:<\/p>\n

– N\u1ed9i dung y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc : y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c, \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o : kh\u00e1t khao t\u1ef1 do, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0<\/b>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

– N\u1ed9i dung y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc mang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng bi tr\u00e1ng trong th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u \u2013 v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

– T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n : t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Xin l\u1eadp khoa Lu\u1eadt<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

– \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc:\u00a0Chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb TK XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang n\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u, li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn:\u00a0Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m, Cung o\u00e1n ng\u00e2m kh\u00fac, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<\/i>…<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

+ L\u00ean \u00e1n, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ec1 cao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed, nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi :<\/p>\n

+ H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/i>, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n

+ \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t h\u01a1n: quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u2026 (\u0110\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec3u Thanh k\u00ed, T\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh (II), B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng,<\/i>\u00a0\u2026)<\/p>\n

–> \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 3:<\/b>\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch\u00a0V\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh<\/i>:<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e0n \u00fd:<\/p>\n

a. M\u1edf b\u00e0i<\/b>: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch (N\u00eau lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1)<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/b>:\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh y l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, L\u00ea H\u1eefu Tr\u00e1c c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ba c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u1edf TKXVIII. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn “Th\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh k\u00ed s\u1ef1”. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa, gi\u00e0u sang, quy\u1ec1n uy t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch “V\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh”.<\/i><\/p>\n

b. Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i<\/b>: C\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u00fd sau:<\/p>\n

*<\/b>\u00a0B\u1ee9c tranh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xa hoa n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa:<\/p>\n

– Quang c\u1ea3nh n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u00ec xa hoa, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam. C\u1ea3nh n\u00f3i l\u00ean uy quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng d\u1ea1 ran, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi oai v\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00fam n\u00fam, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t \u2026 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda g\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan truy\u1ec1n m\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn. Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd, n\u00edn th\u1edf, kh\u00fam n\u00fam, l\u1ea1y t\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

– C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xa hoa l\u00e0 cung c\u00e1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7y ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch: t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7n nghi, t\u1eeb v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

*<\/b>\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i Tr\u1ecbnh ph\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu sinh kh\u00ed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed C\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nghi\u00eam ki\u1ec3u m\u00ea cung c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e2m kh\u00ed n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Qua c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i m\u1ec9a mai ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n uy t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 xa hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh; s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea khi \u1ea5y\u2026 Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e0u sang nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, \u00fd ch\u00ed ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ru\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n phong ki\u1ebfn L\u00ea \u2013 Tr\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i TK XVIII.<\/p>\n

Qua c\u00e1ch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea7m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e0u sang xa hoa quy\u1ec1n uy gh\u00ea g\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00e1t khao cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng danh l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb danh y H\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3n \u00d4ng.<\/p>\n

c. K\u1ebft b\u00e0i<\/b>: Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/b>:\u00a0\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch V\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. B\u1eb1ng t\u00e0\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat ghi ch\u00e9p chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u00f4ng xa hoa, quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i danh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do n\u01a1i non xanh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfc ch\u1ed1n qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em h\u1ebft t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho y thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i cung vua, ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa d\u1eabu gi\u00e0u sang ph\u00fa qu\u00fd t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3n ra c\u00fai, c\u00e1 ch\u1eadu chim l\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 4:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

*\u00a0<\/b>Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung: \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a qua\u00a0Truy\u1ec7n L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean<\/i>, n\u1ed9i dung y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m qua\u00a0Ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c, V\u0103n t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a s\u0129 C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c<\/i>.<\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u1ed1i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u2013 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc Nam B\u1ed9 qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

*<\/b>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u0129a s\u0129. Trong\u00a0V\u0103n t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a s\u0129 C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c<\/i>:<\/p>\n

– H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u0129a s\u0129 mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p bi tr\u00e1ng b\u1edbi hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

+ Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0bi<\/i>: G\u1ee3i l\u00ean qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, lam l\u0169. N\u1ed7i \u0111au bu\u1ed3n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, hi sinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

+ Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0tr\u00e1ng<\/i>: L\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m, anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi sinh v\u00ec qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

II. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

C\u00e2u 1<\/b>: L\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbp 11 theo m\u1eabu sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

a.<\/b>\u00a0Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh quy ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong t\u00ednh quy ph\u1ea1m \u1edf b\u00e0i “C\u00e2u c\u00e1 m\u00f9a thu<\/i><\/b>” c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung: b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00f4n qu\u00ea – m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea, m\u1ed9t ao thu t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ednh quy ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trung \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: B\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef: g\u1ee3n t\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e8o, trong veo… c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u…. \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn khi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

b. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1:<\/b><\/p>\n

*<\/b>\u00a0Truy\u1ec7n L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean<\/i>\u00a0(tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n “L\u1ebd gh\u00e9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>“)<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ec7t, Tr\u1ee5, U, L\u1ec7, Ng\u0169 b\u00e1 : L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua hoang d\u00e2m, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, hoang t\u00e0n –> Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 khinh gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 “gh\u00e9t<\/i>” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, Nhan T\u1eed, Gia C\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, Nguy\u00ean L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, H\u00e0n V\u0169, Li\u00eam, L\u1ea1c –> L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, b\u1ecb gi\u00e8m pha, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1i –> Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

*<\/b>\u00a0B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Ph\u01a1i ph\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f4ng phong, ph\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/i>… nh\u1eb1m l\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u00fa ti\u00eau dao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng danh l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169n g l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a…<\/p>\n

*<\/b>\u00a0B\u00e0i ca ng\u1eafn \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t<\/i>:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00d4ng ti\u00ean ng\u0169 k\u0129, danh l\u1ee3i<\/i>…. l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1, nh\u1eefng thi li\u1ec7u h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed5i thay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

c.<\/b>\u00a0B\u00fat ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng trong b\u00e0i\u00a0B\u00e0i ca ng\u1eafn \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t<\/i><\/b>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

– Trong\u00a0B\u00e0i ca ng\u1eafn \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t<\/i>\u00a0(Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t), b\u00fat ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3. B\u00e3i c\u00e1t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh l\u1ee3i nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n, gian kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5t t\u1ea3 \u0111i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ham c\u00f4ng danh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng danh m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ea1y xu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 g\u1ecdi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng danh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

d.<\/b><\/p>\n

* M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0:<\/b><\/p>\n

–\u00a0V\u0103n t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a s\u0129 C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c<\/i>\u00a0(v\u0103n t\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0B\u00e0i ca ng\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>\u00a0(h\u00e1t n\u00f3i).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Chi\u1ebfu d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0(chi\u1ebfu).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>\u00a0(c\u00e1o).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129<\/i>\u00a0(h\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng l\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed<\/i>\u00a0(ch\u00ed).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh k\u00ed s\u1ef1<\/i>\u00a0(k\u00ed s\u1ef1).<\/p>\n

–\u00a0V\u0169 trung t\u00f9y b\u00fat<\/i>\u00a0(t\u00f9y b\u00fat).<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt:<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau: Lu\u1eadt, Ni\u00eam, V\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00e0 B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i \u00e2m<\/b>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i \u00fd<\/b>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 2, th\u1ee9 3,… c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 2, th\u1ee9 3,… c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quy \u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0nh\u1ea5t tam ng\u0169 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt<\/i>\u00a0(ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n theo lu\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u1ed1i trong th\u01a1 th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n b\u00e1t c\u00fa:<\/b><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i \u00e2m (lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafc): Lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean thanh b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 thanh tr\u1eafc, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 2-4-6 v\u00e0 7 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadt. Thanh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u huy\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u; thanh tr\u1eafc g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u: s\u1eafc, h\u1ecfi, ng\u00e3, n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng thanh b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 “lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng<\/i>“; n\u1ebfu ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 2 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng thanh tr\u1eafc th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 “lu\u1eadt tr\u1eafc<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 6 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 4 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c hai ch\u1eef kia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 6 l\u00e0 thanh b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec ch\u1eef th\u1ee9 4 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng thanh tr\u1eafc, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi “th\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i \u00fd: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2u 3 v\u00e0 4 ph\u1ea3i “\u0111\u1ed1i<\/i>” nhau v\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u 5, 6 c\u0169ng “\u0111\u1ed1i<\/i>” nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n (v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n, t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p, t\u1eeb l\u00e1y) bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. \u0110\u1ed1i ch\u1eef: danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i danh t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh: tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u0129nh… N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u 3, 4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u 5, 6 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau th\u00ec b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi “th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: hai c\u00e2u 3, 4 trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1\u00a0Qua \u0110\u00e8o Ngang<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan:<\/p>\n

Lom<\/span> khom d<\/span>\u01b0\u1edb<\/span>i n<\/span>\u00fa<\/span>i ti<\/span>\u1ec1<\/span>u v<\/span>\u00e0<\/span>i ch<\/span>\u00fa<\/span>\r\nL<\/span>\u00e1<\/span>c <\/span>\u0111\u00e1<\/span>c b<\/span>\u00ea<\/span>n s<\/span>\u00f4<\/span>ng ch<\/span>\u1ee3<\/span> m<\/span>\u1ea5<\/span>y nh<\/span>\u00e0,<\/span><\/i>\r\n<\/pre>\n
“Lom khom<\/i>” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c<\/i>” (h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng – th\u1ef1c ra hai c\u00e2u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh), “d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00fai<\/i>” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “b\u00ean s\u00f4ng<\/i>” (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh), song n\u1ebfu n\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hai c\u00e2u tr\u00ean “lom khom d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00fai<\/i>” v\u00e0 “l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c b\u00ean s\u00f4ng<\/i>” th\u00ec v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh t\u0129nh, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e1y \u00e2m “lom khom<\/i>” ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 “l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c<\/i>” ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi. Hai v\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp: “ti\u1ec1u v\u00e0i ch\u00fa<\/i>” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “ch\u1ee3 m\u1ea5y nh\u00e0<\/i>” (\u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0129nh\/\u0111\u1ed9ng). S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n