C\u00e2u 1<\/b>: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945<\/span><\/p>\na.<\/b><\/p>\n
– Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/i>” l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi ph\u00e1p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
– Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a :<\/p>\n
+ X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc : xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
+ \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n
+ L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u00eau : T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc ( ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n
+ Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef n\u00f4m trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
+ Ngh\u1ec1 in, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
+ S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
+ Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1920) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
+ Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai (kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1920 \u0111\u1ebfn 1930) l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n giao th\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n
+ Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba (t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945) l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u01a1, ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n
b.<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1eeba b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng khai l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n phong ki\u1ebfn. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Do kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea9m m\u0129, n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng khai l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean hai d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh: v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong t\u00f9.<\/p>\n
c.<\/b><\/p>\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
– Do s\u1ef1 th\u00fac b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
– Do ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh).<\/p>\n
– Do s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
– Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, vi\u1ebft v\u0103n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 2<\/b>: Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu:<\/span><\/p>\na.<\/b>\u00a0Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
b.<\/b>\u00a0C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 l\u00e0: k\u1ecbch n\u00f3i, b\u00fat k\u00ed, ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc…<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi ph\u00e1p. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh cach nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eddi v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i v\u0103n bi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabu…<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u1edf th\u01a1 ca: Th\u01a1 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 c\u0169, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1i ta chung chung sang\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\nII. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n
V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX (t\u1eeb 1900 \u0111\u1ebfn 1930) l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc giai \u0111o\u1ea1n giao th\u1eddi?<\/b><\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u00edu k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i c\u0169. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc giao th\u1eddi<\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e2u 1: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 a. – Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc” l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi ph\u00e1p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1315],"tags":[1453,1455,1469],"yoast_head":"\n
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