+ Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span><\/p>\n + Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/p>\n + Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef B\u00e1o ch\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n + Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/p>\n + Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh<\/span><\/p>\n + Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/p>\n a\/ Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sinh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 L\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin, \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m,\u2026\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 C\u00f3 2 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n + D\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i<\/span><\/p>\n + D\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft: nh\u1eadt k\u00ed, th\u01b0 t\u1eeb, truy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tin nh\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n b\/ Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sinh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh nghi th\u1ee9c. Giao ti\u1ebfp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng:<\/span><\/p>\n + T\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/em> C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh giao ti\u1ebfp, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt giao ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ed9ii dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n + T\u00ednh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/em>: C\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb, th\u00e1n t\u1eeb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u linh ho\u1ea1t,..<\/span><\/p>\n + T\u00ednh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3:<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u0103ng => Qua \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, s\u1edf th\u00edch, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, nh\u1eadt k\u00ed, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n 2\/ PHONG C\u00c1CH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n a\/ Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, g\u1ecdt gi\u0169a, tinh luy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u2013 th\u1ea9m m\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin & ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 Ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/span><\/p>\n + D\u00f9ng trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 (truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, h\u1ed3i k\u00ed\u2026); Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh (ca dao, v\u00e8, th\u01a1\u2026); Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u (k\u1ecbch, ch\u00e8o, tu\u1ed3ng\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n + Ngo\u00e0i ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n b\/ Phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 L\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng:<\/span><\/p>\n + T\u00ednh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb: \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, so s\u00e1nh, ho\u00e1n d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec7p\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n + T\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m:<\/em> ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n + T\u00ednh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3:<\/em> L\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n qua trang vi\u1ebft, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang. T\u00ednh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, tu\u1ef3 b\u00fat, ca dao,\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n 3\/ PHONG C\u00c1CH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee CH\u00cdNH LU\u1eacN:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n a\/ Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i mi\u1ec7ng trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1,\u2026 nh\u1eb1m tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng,\u2026theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 C\u00f3 2 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: d\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i & d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n b\/ C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 V\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef:<\/em> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 V\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p:<\/em> C\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n logic trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd [V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Do \u0111\u00f3, Tuy\u2026 nh\u01b0ng\u2026.]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb:<\/em> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n c\/ \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n L\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/em> V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i\/ vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u, \u00fap m\u1edf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u0129 c\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3; c\u00e2u v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u sai.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn:<\/em> V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9, lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd: v\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3, tuy\u2026 nh\u01b0ng\u2026, \u0111\u1ec3, m\u00e0,\u2026.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c:<\/em> Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u00ed l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra, gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, tha thi\u1ebft, b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u :<\/span><\/p>\n -N\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n -C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i\/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft<\/span><\/p>\n -D\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u1edf SGK ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 , \u2026<\/span> a\/ VB khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 VB khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m 3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n + VBKH chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u:<\/em> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc [chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, lu\u1eadn \u00e1n, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn,\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n + VBKH v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o khoa:<\/em> gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00e0i d\u1ea1y,\u2026 N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111i k\u00e8m,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n + VBKH ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp:<\/em> b\u00e1o, s\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u2026 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 -> vi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef KH: l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c VBKH.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf 2 d\u1ea1ng: n\u00f3i [b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc,\u2026] & vi\u1ebft [gi\u00e1o \u00e1n, s\u00e1ch, v\u1edf,\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n b\/ \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng phong c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng : <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc: t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n d\u00f9ng trong t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n + <\/em>K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t (c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf, t\u1eeb cao \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3)<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh l\u00ed tr\u00ed, logic:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n + T\u1eeb ng\u1eef: ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n + C\u00e2u v\u0103n: ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n + K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: C\u00e2u v\u0103n li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. C\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn logic.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, phi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n + <\/strong>C\u00e2u v\u0103n trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc: c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i trung ho\u00e0, \u00edt c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span><\/p>\n + <\/strong>Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t cao n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft : d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, c\u00e2u v\u0103n, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n 5\/ PHONG C\u00c1CH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee B\u00c1O CH\u00cd: \u2013 L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tin t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a XH. T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf 2 d\u1ea1ng: n\u00f3i [thuy\u1ebft minh, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n mi\u1ec7ng trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t thanh\/ truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh\u2026] & vi\u1ebft [ b\u00e1o vi\u1ebft ]<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tin, ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1, ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m,\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, th\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc,\u2026 M\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0b\/ C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 V\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng:<\/em> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 V\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p:<\/em> C\u00e2u v\u0103n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb:<\/em> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/p>\n c\/ \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a PCNN b\u00e1o ch\u00ed:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1:<\/em> Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u1eddi gian, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/em> L\u1eddi v\u0103n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin cao [ b\u1ea3n tin, tin v\u1eafn, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o,\u2026]. Ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 3 trang b\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, in \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn:<\/em> C\u00e1c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft :<\/span><\/p>\n +V\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft khi \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tin tr\u00ean b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ( \u1edf b\u00e1o n\u00e0o? ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o?)<\/span><\/p>\n +Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n tin v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 : c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1<\/span><\/p>\n 6\/ PHONG C\u00c1CH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee H\u00c0NH CH\u00cdNH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n a\/ VB h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh & Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 VB h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 VB \u0111u\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 quan v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan, gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed [th\u00f4ng t\u01b0, ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eeb, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c VBHC. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/span><\/p>\n + C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y:<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/p>\n + V\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef:<\/em> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao<\/span><\/p>\n + V\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u: <\/em>c\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd, m\u1ed7i \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng, vi\u1ebft hoa \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng.<\/span><\/p>\n b\/ \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng PCNN h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu : <\/em>m\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 1 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh minh x\u00e1c:<\/em> Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb, l\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0m \u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ed9i dung. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eebng d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, ch\u1eef k\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian. G\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 T\u00ednh c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5:<\/em> Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n [ n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7: k\u00ednh mong, k\u00ednh g\u1eedi, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3m \u01a1n,\u2026]. D\u00f9ng l\u1edbp t\u1eeb to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u1ea9u ng\u1eef,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u01a1n xin ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc, H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u00ea nh\u00e0, \u2026.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"06](\"http:\/\/images.tuyensinh247.com\/picture\/article\/2016\/0430\/06-ngon-ngu-van-ban-va-cach-phan-biet-co-thu-trang_1462005376_1.jpg\")
\n(C\u00f4 Thu Trang – Gi\u00e1o v\u0103n V\u0103n THPT T\u1ea1 Uy\u00ean)<\/span><\/p>\n
\n1. PHONG C\u00c1CH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee SINH HO\u1ea0T:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\n4\/ PHONG C\u00c1CH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee KHOA H\u1eccC:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\na\/ Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00e1o ch\u00ed:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n