![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/2419_18157919_1351494238231120_3121418875488284182_n.jpg\")
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C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c em th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn…<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n
1. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/h2>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i (v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
+ D\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn?<\/p>\n
+ V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau \u00fd c\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai? M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m: \u0110\u1ecdc k\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eebng t\u1eeb, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3, ngh\u0129a \u0111en, ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1eddng minh, ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u, \u0111o\u1ea1n. Chia v\u1ebf, ng\u0103n \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ebf: Song song, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp… H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\nKhi t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho b\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u1eef v\u0103n 11 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0: L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf… \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 thi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thao t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec1 thi THPT th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n
a. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong><\/h2>\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1eddng minh \u0111\u1ec3 suy ra ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
b. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2013 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/strong><\/h2>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u – d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u00ed l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1ecdn d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng. C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
c. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\nMu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. Trong ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed… lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Trong ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
d. So s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nHai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
3. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u00fd l\u1edbn): \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u00ec \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd, th\u00ec \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecm lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (\u00fd nh\u1ecf) cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd l\u1edbn. \u00dd nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
+ M\u1edf b\u00e0i: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: Tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i dung theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd l\u1edbn, \u00fd nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n
+ K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
4. Vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft hoa l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Mang n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p, ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u2026<\/p>\n
5. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cao. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
K\u0129 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u, d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn… v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eeba g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3y n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp sau :<\/p>\n
a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\nH\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f4i\u00a0<\/em>trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0:\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ta; ch\u00fang ta; nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/em>… L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\nb. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc:\u00a0v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5<\/em>…<\/p>\nD\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng…<\/em><\/p>\nc. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi th\u00ec quy n\u1ea1p, khi th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay so s\u00e1nh… Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m than, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2u ba ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
d. R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\nPh\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
e. Luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nB\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5m th\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1\/5; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2\/5; so s\u00e1nh 1\/5; b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn 1\/5. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 50\/50. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean l\u00e0 80\/20.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ems ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lop12.edu.vn - C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-04-12T02:43:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/2419_18157919_1351494238231120_3121418875488284182_n.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"H\u00e0 Trang\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"H\u00e0 Trang\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\",\"name\":\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-12T02:43:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-12T02:43:31+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#\/schema\/person\/2da855e5d06b553ac0065157cc261a45\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/\",\"name\":\"Lop12.edu.vn - 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C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam","article_published_time":"2018-04-12T02:43:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":960,"height":960,"url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/2419_18157919_1351494238231120_3121418875488284182_n.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"H\u00e0 Trang","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"H\u00e0 Trang","Est. reading time":"14 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/","url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/","name":"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-04-12T02:43:31+00:00","dateModified":"2018-04-12T02:43:31+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#\/schema\/person\/2da855e5d06b553ac0065157cc261a45"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/","name":"Lop12.edu.vn - 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Khi t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho b\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u1eef v\u0103n 11 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0: L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf… \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 thi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thao t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec1 thi THPT th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n
a. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong><\/h2>\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1eddng minh \u0111\u1ec3 suy ra ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
b. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2013 ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/strong><\/h2>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u – d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u00ed l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1ecdn d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng. C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
c. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\nMu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. Trong ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed… lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Trong ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
d. So s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nHai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
3. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u00fd l\u1edbn): \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u00ec \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd, th\u00ec \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecm lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (\u00fd nh\u1ecf) cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd l\u1edbn. \u00dd nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
+ M\u1edf b\u00e0i: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: Tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i dung theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd l\u1edbn, \u00fd nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n
+ K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
4. Vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft hoa l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Mang n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p, ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u2026<\/p>\n
5. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cao. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
K\u0129 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u, d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn… v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eeba g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3y n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp sau :<\/p>\n
a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\nH\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f4i\u00a0<\/em>trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0:\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ta; ch\u00fang ta; nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/em>… L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\nb. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc:\u00a0v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5<\/em>…<\/p>\nD\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng…<\/em><\/p>\nc. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi th\u00ec quy n\u1ea1p, khi th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay so s\u00e1nh… Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m than, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2u ba ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
d. R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\nPh\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
e. Luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nB\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5m th\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1\/5; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2\/5; so s\u00e1nh 1\/5; b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn 1\/5. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 50\/50. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean l\u00e0 80\/20.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ems ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lop12.edu.vn - 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Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u – d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u00ed l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1ecdn d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng. C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
c. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\nMu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. Trong ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed… lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Trong ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
d. So s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nHai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
3. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u00fd l\u1edbn): \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u00ec \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd, th\u00ec \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecm lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (\u00fd nh\u1ecf) cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd l\u1edbn. \u00dd nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
+ M\u1edf b\u00e0i: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: Tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i dung theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd l\u1edbn, \u00fd nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n
+ K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
4. Vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft hoa l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Mang n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p, ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u2026<\/p>\n
5. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cao. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
K\u0129 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u, d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn… v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eeba g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3y n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp sau :<\/p>\n
a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\nH\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f4i\u00a0<\/em>trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0:\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ta; ch\u00fang ta; nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/em>… L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\nb. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc:\u00a0v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5<\/em>…<\/p>\nD\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng…<\/em><\/p>\nc. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi th\u00ec quy n\u1ea1p, khi th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay so s\u00e1nh… Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m than, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2u ba ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
d. R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\nPh\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
e. Luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nB\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5m th\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1\/5; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2\/5; so s\u00e1nh 1\/5; b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn 1\/5. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 50\/50. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean l\u00e0 80\/20.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ems ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lop12.edu.vn - 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Hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
3. L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd<\/strong><\/h2>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u00fd l\u1edbn): \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u00ec \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd, th\u00ec \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecm lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (\u00fd nh\u1ecf) cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd l\u1edbn. \u00dd nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
L\u1eadp d\u00e0n \u00fd ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
+ M\u1edf b\u00e0i: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
+ Th\u00e2n b\u00e0i: Tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i dung theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd l\u1edbn, \u00fd nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n
+ K\u1ebft b\u00e0i: T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
4. Vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft hoa l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Mang n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p, ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u2026<\/p>\n
5. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cao. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
K\u0129 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u, d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn… v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eeba g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3y n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp sau :<\/p>\n
a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\nH\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f4i\u00a0<\/em>trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0:\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ta; ch\u00fang ta; nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/em>… L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\nb. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc:\u00a0v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5<\/em>…<\/p>\nD\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng…<\/em><\/p>\nc. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi th\u00ec quy n\u1ea1p, khi th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay so s\u00e1nh… Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m than, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2u ba ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
d. R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\nPh\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
e. Luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nB\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5m th\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1\/5; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2\/5; so s\u00e1nh 1\/5; b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn 1\/5. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 50\/50. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean l\u00e0 80\/20.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ems ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lop12.edu.vn - 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\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft hoa l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Mang n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p, ph\u00e9p th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u2026<\/p>\n
5. S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cao. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
K\u0129 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e2u, d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn… v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eeba g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3y n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp sau :<\/p>\n
a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\nH\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f4i\u00a0<\/em>trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0:\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ta; ch\u00fang ta; nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/em>… L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\nb. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc:\u00a0v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5<\/em>…<\/p>\nD\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng…<\/em><\/p>\nc. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi th\u00ec quy n\u1ea1p, khi th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay so s\u00e1nh… Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m than, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2u ba ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
d. R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\nPh\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
e. Luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h2>\nB\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5m th\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1\/5; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2\/5; so s\u00e1nh 1\/5; b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn 1\/5. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 50\/50. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean l\u00e0 80\/20.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ems ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ec1 V\u0103n thi THPT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/5-buoc-quan-trong-de-dat-diem-toi-da-phan-nghi-luan-van-hoc-trong-de-van-thi-thpt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lop12.edu.vn - 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H\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f4i\u00a0<\/em>trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0:\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ta; ch\u00fang ta; nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/em>… L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc:\u00a0v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5<\/em>…<\/p>\n D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng…<\/em><\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, khi th\u00ec quy n\u1ea1p, khi th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn hay so s\u00e1nh… Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u ch\u1ea5m than, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2u ba ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5m th\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1\/5; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 2\/5; so s\u00e1nh 1\/5; b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn 1\/5. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 50\/50. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e2n chia cho hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean l\u00e0 80\/20.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh 0.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00ean khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ems ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2018 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":26511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nb. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u01b0 duy trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong><\/h2>\n
d. R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
e. Luy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/h2>\n