B\u00e0i 1 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang :<\/strong><\/p>\n A. Ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf<\/p>\n B. Ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn<\/p>\n C. Ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t khi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn<\/p>\n D. Ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t khi d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n D<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 2 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0a) H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u201cph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/p>\n b) V\u00ec sao x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n a) C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n : m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ( \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc), tan t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111u\u00f4i d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ( k\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u01b0a d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1), tan t\u1ed1t trong d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m : Cx<\/sub>Hy<\/sub>\u00a0(th\u01b0\u1eddng x > 15).<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c :<\/p>\n + \u1ede ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u2013COONa+<\/sup><\/p>\n + \u1ede ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u2013OSO3<\/sub>Na+<\/sup>.<\/p>\n b) V\u00ec sao x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda<\/p>\n \u0111u\u00f4i \u01b0a d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u b\u1ea9n, c\u00f2n nh\u00f3m \u2013COONa+<\/sup>\u00a0\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u00e9o c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n ra ph\u00eda c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, b\u1ecb gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o v\u1eadt r\u1eafn n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i \u0111i.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 3 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0a) H\u00e3y k\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i hoa qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda?<\/strong><\/p>\n b) N\u00eau \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda<\/p>\n a) B\u1ed3 k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda . Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ebb nh\u1ecf lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. Ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n b) N\u00eau \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m<\/p>\n B\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda ngay trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y vi sinh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 4 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang trong hai d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n – B\u1ed3 k\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda v\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n – B\u1ed3 k\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda v\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u \u201c \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c\u201d g\u1eafn v\u1edbi “\u0111u\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 “ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng”<\/p>\n Em h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Giaven. Nh\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n, l\u1eafc k\u0129 r\u1ed3i quan s\u00e1t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n – Cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Giaven th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u ( bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng), do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n khi cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng hay n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u<\/p>\n – Khi cho th\u00eam m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed3 k\u1ebft hay n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ec gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n tan ra( b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc) do \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u01b0a d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1) c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u00e1m v\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng khi cho gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Giaven th\u00ec gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 5 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0C\u00f3 ba \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m: \u1ed1ng A ch\u1ee9a 3 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 3 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch canxi clorua b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, \u1ed1ng B ch\u1ee9a 3ml n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, \u1ed1ng C ch\u1ee9a 3ml n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 3 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch canxi clorua b\u00e3o h\u00f2a. Cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m 5 gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n, l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u. H\u00e3y d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n \u1ed0ng nhi\u1ec7m 1 : ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp : d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch canxi clorua \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi do d\u1ea7u \u0103n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng tan v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c ( n\u01b0\u1edbc, CaCl2<\/sub>)<\/p>\n \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m 2 : \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t do d\u1ea7u \u0103n tan v\u00e0o trong x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m 3 : ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 2 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi ion Ca+<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u \u0103n<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 6 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5 nh\u01b0ng thay n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t. H\u00e3y d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m 1 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m 2 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u00e0i 5 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi ion Ca+<\/sup>\u00a0th\u00ec b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1edf \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m 3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m 2.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 1 (trang 18 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang : A. Ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf B. Ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1306],"tags":[1436,1435],"yoast_head":"\n