B\u00e0i 1 (trang 125 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0a) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

2Cr + 3Cu^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 2Cr3+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 3Cu<\/p>\n}

E^{o<\/sup>\u00a0c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}

A. 0,40V<\/p>\n

B. 1,08V<\/p>\n

C. 1,25V<\/p>\n

D. 2,5V<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft E^{o<\/sup>(Cu2+<\/sup>\/Cu) = +0,34; Eo<\/sup>(Cr3+<\/sup>\/Cr) = -0,74 V<\/p>\n}

b) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a :<\/p>\n

2Au^{3+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 3Ni \u2192 2Au + 3Ni2+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

E^{o<\/sup>\u00a0c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n}

A. 3,75 V<\/p>\n

B. 2,25 V<\/p>\n

C. 1,75 V<\/p>\n

D. 1,25 V<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

a) \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n

b) \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n C<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 2 (trang 125 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0a. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 oxi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh Zn^{2+<\/sup>?<\/strong><\/p>\n}

A. Fe<\/p>\n

B. Ag^{+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

C. Al^{3+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

D. Ca^{2+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

b. Kim lo\u1ea1i Zn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ion n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n

A. Na^{+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

B. H^{+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

C. Ca^{2+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

D. Mg^{2+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

a) \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n

b) \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 3 (trang 125 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a Zn \u2013 Ag ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y :<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c Zn t\u0103ng<\/p>\n

B. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c Ag gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n

C. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ion Zn^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u0103ng<\/p>\n}

D. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ion Ag^{+<\/sup>\u00a0trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u0103ng<\/p>\n}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

A \u2013 Sai<\/p>\n

B \u2013 \u0110\u00fang<\/p>\n

C \u2013 \u0110\u00fang<\/p>\n

D \u2013 Sai<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 4 (trang 125 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a 4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang, sai. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 sai.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cho bi\u1ebft E^{o<\/sup>(Ag+<\/sup>\/Ag) = +0,80 V<\/p>\n}

E^{o<\/sup>(Cu2+<\/sup>\/Cu) = +0,34 V<\/p>\n}

E^{o<\/sup>(Zn2+<\/sup>\/Zn) = -0,76 V<\/p>\n}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

1) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (a) v\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang, su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a pin ghi \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n

2) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (b) v\u1ebd sai, su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a pin ghi \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n

3) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c) v\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang, su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a pin ghi sai<\/p>\n

4) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (d) v\u1ebd sai, su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a pin ghi \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 5 (trang 125 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Khi nh\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 Zn v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Co^{2+<\/sup>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i Co ph\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i l\u00e1 k\u1ebdm. Khi nh\u00fang l\u00e1 Pb v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n}

a. Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 3 kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

b. Cation n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 3 cation kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

c. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a cation t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

d. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

a. Zn \u0111\u1ea9y d\u01b0\u1ee3c Co; Pb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Co<\/p>\n

=> Zn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

b.Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n}

c. X\u1ebfp theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a cation : Zn^{2+<\/sup>\/Zn; Co2+<\/sup>\/Co; Pb2+<\/sup>\/Pb<\/p>\n}

d. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed<\/p>\n

Zn + Co^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Zn2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Co<\/p>\n}

Zn + Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Zn2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Pb<\/p>\n}

Co + Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Co2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Pb<\/p>\n}

B\u00e0i 6 (trang 126 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m : Ng\u00e2m m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 Zn nh\u1ecf, tinh khi\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl th\u1ea5y b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed H_{2<\/sub>\u00a0tho\u00e1t ra \u00edt v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0th\u1ea5y b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>\u00a0tho\u00e1t ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nhanh.<\/strong><\/p>\n}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub><\/p>\n}

B\u1ecdt kh\u00ed hidro tho\u00e1t ra \u00edt v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm do H_{2<\/sub>\u00a0sinh ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 k\u1ebdm c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Khi th\u00eam CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0: Zn + CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 ZnSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu<\/p>\n}

Cu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u00e1m tr\u00ean vi\u00ean k\u1ebdm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7p pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a Zn \u2013 Cu trong \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

Zn l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n Zn \u2192 Zn^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e<\/p>\n}

Electron \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Cu, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y 2H^{+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 H_{2<\/sub><\/p>\n}}

B\u1ecdt kh\u00ed hidro tho\u00e1t ra \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 7 (trang 126 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Cho c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed sau : Ag^{+<\/sup>\/Ag; Fe2+<\/sup>\/Fe; Zn2+<\/sup>\/Zn<\/strong><\/p>\n}

1) H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa cation kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p<\/p>\n

2) H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 cho, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh<\/p>\n

a. oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

b. oxi h\u00f3a y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t ?<\/p>\n

c. Kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

d. Kh\u1eed y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Ag^{+<\/sup>\u00a0+ e \u2192 Ag<\/p>\n}

Fe^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Fe<\/p>\n}

Zn^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Zn<\/p>\n}

2. Ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t : Ag^{+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

Ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00e1o y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t : Zn^{2+<\/sup><\/p>\n}

Ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t : Zn<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t : Ag<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 8 (trang 126 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y t\u00ednh th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed Eo (Zn^{2+<\/sup>\/Zn ). Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng E_{p\u0111h<\/sub>o<\/sup>Zn-Cu<\/sub>\u00a0= 1,10 V v\u00e0 Eo<\/sup>\u00a0(Cu2+<\/sup>\/Cu ) = +0,34 V<\/strong><\/p>\n}}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

E_{p\u0111h<\/sub>^{o<\/sup>\u00a0= Eo<\/sup>Cu2+<\/sup>\/Cu<\/sub>\u00a0– Eo<\/sup>Zn2+<\/sup>\/Zn<\/sub>\u00a0= +1,1 V => Eo<\/sup>Zn2+<\/sup>\/Zn<\/sub>\u00a0= +0,34 \u2013 1,1 = -0,76 V<\/p>\n}}

B\u00e0i 9 (trang 126 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed sau :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Pb^{2+<\/sup>\/Pb v\u00e0 Fe2+<\/sup>\/Fe<\/p>\n}

2) Ag+\/Ag v\u00e0 Fe^{2+<\/sup>\/Fe<\/p>\n}

3) Ag+\/Ag v\u00e0 Pb^{2+<\/sup>\/Pb<\/p>\n}

H\u00e3y t\u00ednh su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng : E_{o<\/sub>\u00a0(Ag+\/Ag) = +0,80 V<\/p>\n}

E_{o<\/sub>\u00a0(Pb^{2+<\/sup>\/Pb ) = -0,13 V<\/p>\n}}

E_{o<\/sub>\u00a0(Fe^{2+<\/sup>\/Fe) = -0,44 V<\/p>\n}}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

1, E^{o<\/sup>_{Fe-Pb<\/sub>\u00a0= Eo<\/sup>Pb2+<\/sup>\/Pb<\/sub>\u00a0– Eo<\/sup>Fe2+<\/sup>\/Fe<\/sub>\u00a0= -0,13 \u2013 (-0,44) = +0,31 V<\/p>\n}}

2, E^{o<\/sup>_{Fe-Ag<\/sub>= Eo<\/sup>Ag+<\/sup>\/Ag<\/sub>\u00a0– Eo<\/sup>Fe2+<\/sup>\/Fe<\/sub>\u00a0= +0,8 \u2013 (-0,44) = + 1,24 V<\/p>\n}}

3, E^{o<\/sup>_{Pb-Ag<\/sub>= Eo<\/sup>Ag+<\/sup>\/Ag<\/sub>\u00a0– Eo<\/sup>Pb2+<\/sup>\/Pb<\/sub>\u00a0= +0,8 \u2013 (-0,13) = +0,93 V<\/p>\n}}

B\u00e0i 10 (trang 126 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed chu\u1ea9n sau :<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Pb^{2+<\/sup>\/Pb v\u00e0 Zn2+<\/sup>\/Zn<\/p>\n}

b) Cu^{2+<\/sup>\/Cu v\u00e0 Hg2+<\/sup>\/Hg bi\u1ebft Eo<\/sup>_{Hg2+<\/sup>\/Hg<\/sub>\u00a0= +0,85<\/p>\n}}

c) Mg^{2+<\/sup>\/Mg v\u00e0 Pb2+<\/sup>\/Pb<\/p>\n}

1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

2) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i pin v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng ion thu g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a khi ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

3) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a : Zn + Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Zn2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Pbv<\/p>\n}

Zn \u2192 Zn^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+2e<\/p>\n}

Zn : C\u1ef1c \u00e2m, anot<\/p>\n

Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Pb<\/p>\n}

Pb : c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, catot<\/p>\n

E^{o<\/sup>_{Zn-Pb<\/sub>\u00a0= -0,13 \u2013 (-0,76) = +0,63 V<\/p>\n}}

2, Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a : Cu + Hg^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Cu2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Hg<\/p>\n}

Cu \u2192 Cu^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+2e<\/p>\n}

Cu: C\u1ef1c \u00e2m, anot<\/p>\n

Hg^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Hg<\/p>\n}

Hg: c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, catot<\/p>\n

E^{o<\/sup>_{Cu-Hg<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,85 \u2013 0,34 = +0,51 V<\/p>\n}}

3, Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a : Mg + Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Mg2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Pb<\/p>\n}

Mg \u2192 Mg^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+2e<\/p>\n}

Pb: C\u1ef1c \u00e2m, anot<\/p>\n

Pb^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Pb<\/p>\n}

Ag : c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, catot<\/p>\n

E^{o<\/sup>_{Mg-Pb<\/sub>\u00a0= -0,13 \u2013 (-2,37) = +2,24 V<\/p>\n}}