B\u00e0i 1 (trang 190 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1:<\/strong><\/p>\na. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a crom trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed crom.<\/p>\n
c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a crom.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
a) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/p>\n
Crom l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u1edf \u00f4 24, thu\u1ed9c chu k\u1ef3 4, nh\u00f3m VIB.<\/p>\n
b) C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: ls2<\/sup>2s2<\/sup>2p6<\/sup>3s2<\/sup>3p6<\/sup>3d5<\/sup>4s1<\/sup>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn [Ar]3p6<\/sup>4s1<\/sup><\/p>\nCrom l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m d.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ed9 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n 1,55.<\/p>\n
– Th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n: E\u00b0(Cr3+<\/sup>\/Cr) = – 0,74V<\/p>\nc) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 2 (trang 190 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 crom vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
a. Gi\u1ed1ng nhau: \u0110\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng do c\u00f3 l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng b\u1ec1n bao ph\u1ee7 n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong dung d\u1ecbch HNO3<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c, ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\nCr + 2HCl \u2192 2CrCl2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub><\/p>\n2Al +6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub><\/p>\nAl v\u00e0 Cr \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1edfi H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 HNO3<\/sub>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\nb. Kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n
– Al c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n Cr:<\/p>\n
2A1 + Cr2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u00a0(to<\/sup>)\u2192 2Cr + Al2O3<\/sub><\/p>\n– Crom c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a +2, +3, +6.<\/p>\n
– Al ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a +3.<\/p>\n
– Nh\u00f4m b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m<\/p>\n
2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2Na [Al(OH)Cl4<\/sub>]+ 3H2<\/sub><\/p>\nB\u00e0i 3 (trang 190 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):<\/b>\u00a0Cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n
…Cr+…Sn2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Cr3+<\/sup>+…Sn<\/p>\na. Khi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ion Cr3+ s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
A. 1<\/p>\n
B. 2<\/p>\n
C. 3<\/p>\n
D. 6<\/p>\n
b. Pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a Cr-Cu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n
2Cr (r) + 3 Cu2+<\/sup>(dd) \u2192 2Cr3+<\/sup>\u00a0(dd) + 3Cu (r)<\/p>\nSu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
A. 0,04 V<\/p>\n
B. 1,08 V<\/p>\n
C. 1,25 V<\/p>\n
D. 2,50 V.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
a. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B.<\/p>\n
b. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 4 (trang 190 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 78 gam crom b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t nh\u00f4m.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
2Al + Cr2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2Cr + Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/p>\nnAl<\/sub>\u00a0= nCr<\/sub>\u00a0= 78 : 52 = 1,5 mol => mAl<\/sub>\u00a0= 1,5.27 = 40,5 gam<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 5 (trang 190 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t Ni -Cr c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 80% Ni v\u00e0 20% Cr theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau mol niken \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1 mol crom.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
1 mol Cr c\u00f3 mCr<\/sub>\u00a0= 52 gam<\/p>\nM\u00e0 mNi<\/sub>\u00a0= 4 mCr = 208 gam => S\u1ed1 mol Ni = 208 : 59 = 3,525 mol<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e0i 1 (trang 190 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1: a. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a crom trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed crom. c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a crom. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: a) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n Crom l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1306],"tags":[1429,1430],"yoast_head":"\n
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V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a crom trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed crom. c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a crom. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: a) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n Crom l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i […]","og_url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-38-crom\/","og_site_name":"Lop12.edu.vn - C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam","article_published_time":"2018-03-30T09:02:18+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-03-30T09:02:58+00:00","author":"H\u00e0 Trang","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"H\u00e0 Trang","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-38-crom\/","url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-38-crom\/","name":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 - B\u00e0i 38: Crom","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-03-30T09:02:18+00:00","dateModified":"2018-03-30T09:02:58+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#\/schema\/person\/2da855e5d06b553ac0065157cc261a45"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-38-crom\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-38-crom\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-38-crom\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 – B\u00e0i 38: Crom"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/","name":"Lop12.edu.vn - C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#\/schema\/person\/2da855e5d06b553ac0065157cc261a45","name":"H\u00e0 Trang","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/545a8100db1147f314111301d261dc33?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/545a8100db1147f314111301d261dc33?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"H\u00e0 Trang"},"url":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/author\/trangvth2\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24767"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24767"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24771,"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24767\/revisions\/24771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}