B\u00e0i 1 (trang 198 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

c. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft (d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

a. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/p>\n

– S\u1eaft l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u1edf nh\u00f3m VIIIB, chu k\u1ef3 4, \u00f4 26.<\/p>\n

b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion s\u1eaft<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: ls^{2<\/sup>2s2<\/sup>2p6<\/sup>3s2<\/sup>3p6<\/sup>3d6<\/sup>4s2<\/sup>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn [Ar]3p6<\/sup>4s2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n}

S\u1eaft thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 d<\/p>\n

c. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft<\/p>\n

S\u1eaft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft l\u00e0 +2 v\u00e0 +3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 2 (trang 198 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft trong b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00ed oxi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

3Fe + 2O_{2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 Fe3<\/sub>O4<\/sub><\/p>\n}

N\u1ebfu oxi d\u01b0 4Fe + 3O_{2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/p>\n}

* S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 Fe_{3<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Fe d\u01b0 cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl.<\/p>\n}

Fe_{3<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u00a0+ 8HCl \u2192 FeCl2<\/sub>: + 2FeCl3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 4H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n}

Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2191<\/p>\n}

* N\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng O_{2<\/sub>\u00a0trong b\u00ecnh d\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u00a0cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0.<\/p>\n}

Fe_{2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 6HCl \u2192 2FeCl3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n}

B\u00e0i 3 (trang 198 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai kim lo\u1ea1i sau: Al, Fe, Mg, Ag. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed: dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH<\/p>\n

– H\u00f2a tan kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng dd NaOH nh\u1eadn ra nh\u00f4m do nh\u00f4m tan ra:<\/p>\n

2Al + 2NaOH + 6H_{2<\/sub>O \u2192 2Na[Al(OH)4<\/sub>\u00a0] + 3H2<\/sub><\/p>\n}

– H\u00f2a tan 3 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl, nh\u1eadn ra Ag v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tan c\u00f2n Fe, Mg tan ra.<\/p>\n

Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub><\/p>\n}

Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub><\/p>\n}

-Nh\u1ecf dd NaOH v\u00e0o 2 dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eadn ra dd MgCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0do t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n}

MgCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2NaOH \u2192 Mg(OH)2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2193 + 2NaCl<\/p>\n}

nh\u1eadn ra dung d\u1ecbch FeCl_{2<\/sub>\u00a0do t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xanh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u FeCl2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2NaOH \u2192 Fe(OH)2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2193 tr\u1eafng xanh + 2NaCl<\/p>\n}

4Fe(OH)_{2<\/sub>\u00a0+ O2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H2<\/sub>0 \u2192 4Fe(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2193 n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf<\/p>\n}

B\u00e0i 4 (trang 198 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 1,12 g Fe v\u00e0 0,24 g Mg t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 250 ml dung d\u1ecbch CuSO_{4<\/sub>. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 1,88 g. T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n}

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 1,12 + 0,24 = 1,36 gam kim lo\u1ea1i, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 l,88g.<\/p>\n

Mg + CuSO_{4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 MgSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu (1)<\/p>\n}

Fe + CuSO_{4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu (2)<\/p>\n}

Theo (1) 24 g Mg ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o 64 g Cu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 40 g.<\/p>\n

=> 0,24 g Mg ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o 0,64 g Cu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 0.4 g<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e0i cho t\u1eeb 1.36 gam kim lo\u1ea1i sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.88 g t\u0103ng 0.52 g<\/p>\n

\u2192Fe \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam 0,12 gam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Theo (2) 56 g Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra 64 g Cu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 8 g.<\/p>\n

=> 0,84 g Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra X g Cu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 0.12 g<\/p>\n

C_{M CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,025 : 0,25 = 0,1 M<\/p>\n}

B\u00e0i 5 (trang 198 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00f2a tan 58 gam mu\u1ed1i CuSO_{4<\/sub>.5H2<\/sub>O trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch.<\/strong><\/p>\n}

a. T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch CuSO_{4<\/sub>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 pha ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n}

b. Cho d\u1ea7n m\u1ea1t s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ion r\u00fat g\u1ecdn. Cho bi\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

c. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau gam?<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

1 mol CuSO_{4<\/sub>.5H2<\/sub>O (250 g) c\u00f3 1 mol CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0(160 g)<\/p>\n}

=> 58 g CuSO_{4<\/sub>.5H2<\/sub>O c\u00f3 0,232 mol CuSO4<\/sub><\/p>\n}

a. C_{M CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,232 : 0,5 = 0,464 M<\/p>\n}

b.Fe + CuSO_{4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu<\/p>\n}

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng : m\u1ea1t s\u1eaft tan d\u1ea7n, m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

Fe + Cu^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Fe2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ Cu<\/p>\n}

Fe \u2192 Fe^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e<\/p>\n}

Fe l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed<\/p>\n

Cu^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Cu<\/p>\n}

Cu^{2+<\/sup>\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n}

c.Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng :<\/p>\n

1 mol Fe(56) ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1 mol CuSO_{4<\/sub>\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra 1 mol Cu(64) kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 8 g.<\/p>\n}

=> Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 0,232 mol CuSO_{4<\/sub>\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra 1 mol Cu(64) kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 1,856 g.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"}

B\u00e0i 1 (trang 198 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft: a. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion s\u1eaft. c. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft (d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc). L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: a. V\u1ecb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1306],"tags":[1429,1430],"yoast_head":"\n