\n
B\u00e0i 2 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ion ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ni2+<\/sup>, Zn2+<\/sup>, Ag+<\/sup>, Sn2+<\/sup>, Au3+<\/sup>, Pb2+<\/sup>. lon c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ion c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/strong><\/p>\nA. Pb2+<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 Ni2+<\/sup><\/p>\nB. Ag+<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 Zn2+<\/sup><\/p>\nC. Au3+<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 Zn2+<\/sup><\/p>\nD. Ni2+<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 Sn2+<\/sup><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n C<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 3 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y n\u00eau c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/p>\na. M\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p.<\/strong><\/p>\nb. M\u1ea1 thi\u1ebfc cho m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p.<\/strong><\/p>\nc. M\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c cho m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ea1 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi anot l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1 c\u00f2n catot l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1 (xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n).<\/p>\n
a. M\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng cho v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p:<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0v\u1edbi ant b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, catot b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p<\/p>\n\n\n\n| Catot<\/td>\n | Anot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\nCu2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Cu<\/td>\n| Cu \u2192 Cu2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Cuanot<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu2+<\/sup>\u00a0dd \u2192 Cu2+<\/sup>\u00a0dd + Cuacnot<\/sub><\/p>\nb.M\u1ea1 thi\u1ebfc cho v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfc, catot b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p<\/p>\n \n\n\n| Catot<\/td>\n | Anot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nSn2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 Sn<\/td>\n| Sn \u2192 Sn2+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh : Snanot<\/sub>\u00a0+ Sn2+<\/sup>\u00a0dd \u2192 Sn2+<\/sup>\u00a0dd + Snanot<\/sub><\/p>\nc.M\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c cho v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng : \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a0v\u1edbi anot b\u1eb1ng Ag, catot b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng :<\/p>\n\n\n\n| Catot<\/td>\n | Anot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nAg+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 1e \u2192 Ag<\/td>\n| Ag \u2192 Ag+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 1e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n :<\/p>\n Aganot<\/sub>\u00a0+ Ag+<\/sup>\u00a0dd \u2192 Ag+<\/sup>\u00a0dd + Agacnot<\/sub><\/p>\nB\u00e0i 4 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i trong nh\u00f3m 1B v\u1ec1:<\/strong><\/p>\na. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp electron, s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng (d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn).<\/strong><\/p>\nb. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/strong><\/p>\nc. \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i trong nh\u00f3m.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong SGK<\/p>\n \n \n B\u00e0i 5 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Nh\u00fang t\u1ea5m k\u1ebdm v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 14,64 gam ca\u0111imi clorua. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5m k\u1ebdm t\u0103ng l\u00ean 3,29 gam. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ca\u0111imi t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean trong dung d\u1ecbch.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng : Zn + CdCl2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 ZnCl2<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cd<\/p>\nTheo pt : c\u1ee9 1 mol Zn ( 65 gam) \u2192 1 mol Cd (112 gam) kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 47 gam<\/p>\n V\u1eady x mol Zn \u2192 x mol Cd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 3,29 gam<\/p>\n => x = 3,29 : 47 = 0,07 mol<\/p>\n Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cadimi t\u00e1ch ra : 0,07 x 112 = 7,84 gam<\/p>\n Trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i ZnCl2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 mol 0,07<\/p>\nMu\u1ed1i CdCl2<\/sub>\u00a0c\u00f2n d\u01b0 14,64 : 183 \u2013 0,07 = 0,01 mol<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 6 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i: niken, \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebdm v\u1ec1:<\/strong><\/p>\na. v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n b. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (d\u1ea1ng thu g\u1ecdn).<\/p>\n c. S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n d. Th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n e. T\u00ednh kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111ang bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n \n \n B\u00e0i 7 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sau:<\/strong><\/p>\na. T\u1eeb b\u1ea1c nitrat \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p;<\/p>\n b. T\u1eeb k\u1ebdm sunfua v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm cacbonat \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebdm b\u1eb1ng hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n c. T\u1eeb thi\u1ebfc (IV) oxit \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n d. T\u1eeb ch\u00ec sunfua \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ec<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n a. 4AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H2<\/sub>O (dpdd) \u2192 4Ag + 4HNO3<\/sub>\u00a0+ O2<\/sub><\/p>\n2AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu \u2192 2Ag + Cu(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub><\/p>\nb.ZnS, ZnCO3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 Zn<\/p>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n :<\/p>\n 2ZnS + 3O2<\/sub>\u00a0to<\/sup>\u2192 2ZnO + 2SO2<\/sub><\/p>\nZnCO3<\/sub>\u00a0to<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 ZnO + CO2<\/sub><\/p>\nZnO + CO \u2192 Zn + CO2<\/sub><\/p>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n :<\/p>\n ZnO + H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 ZnSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n2ZnSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u0111pdd<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 2Zn + 2H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ O2<\/sub><\/p>\nc. SnO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2C \u2192 Sn + 2CO<\/p>\nd. PbS \u2192 Pb<\/p>\n 2PbS + 3O2<\/sub>\u00a0to<\/sup>\u2192 2PbO + 2SO2<\/sub><\/p>\nPbO + C to<\/sup>\u2192 Pb + CO<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 8 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft 3,0 gam h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c trong axit nitric lo\u00e3ng, \u0111un n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7,34 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i nitrat. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i trong h\u1ee3p kim.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol Cu, Ag l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 x v\u00e0 y => 64x + 108y = 3(1)<\/p>\n 3Cu + 8HNO3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 3Cu(NO3<\/sub>) + 2NO + 4H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n3Ag + 4HNO3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 3AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a0+ NO + 2H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\nTheo pt s\u1ed1 mol Cu(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a0l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 x v\u00e0 y<\/p>\n=> 188x + 170y = 7,34 (2)<\/p>\n T\u1eeb (1),(2) => x = 0,03; y = 0,01 => %(m)Cu = (0,03 x 64) : 3 x 100 = 64%<\/p>\n %(m)Ag = 100 \u2013 64 = 36%<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 9 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Nung m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sunfua kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb hai trong oxi d\u01b0 th\u00ec tho\u00e1t ra 5,60 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t than d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra 41,4 gam kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu cho kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra \u0111i ch\u1eadm qua \u0111\u1ed3ng nung n\u00f3ng th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 20%.<\/strong><\/p>\na. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n b. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean sunfua kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n a) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n 2MS + 3O2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2MO + 2SO2<\/sub><\/p>\nCh\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 MO MO + C \u2192 M + CO<\/p>\n Kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m SO2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 O2<\/sub>\u00a0d\u01b0 2Cu + O2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 2CuO<\/p>\nKhi \u0111i qua Cu nung n\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea5t 20% l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a oxi<\/p>\n nkh\u00ed<\/sub>\u00a0= 5,6 : 22,4 = 0,25 mol => nSO2<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,25 ,x 80 : 100 = 0,2 mol = nS<\/sub>\u00a0= nM<\/sub>\u00a0= 41,1 : MM<\/sub><\/p>\n=> MM<\/sub>\u00a0= 41,4 : 0,2 = 207. Sunfua kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 PbS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i 1 (trang 218 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra? A. Pb2+\u00a0+ Sn\u2192 Pb + Sn2+ B. Sn2+\u00a0+ Ni \u2192 Sn + Ni2+ C. Pb2+\u00a0+ Ni\u2192 Pb + Ni2+ D. Sn2+\u00a0+ Pb\u2192 Pb2+\u00a0+ Sn L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n D B\u00e0i 2 (trang 219 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1306],"tags":[1429,1430],"yoast_head":"\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 - B\u00e0i 44: S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-7-bai-44-so-luoc-ve-mot-so-kim-loai-khac\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 - B\u00e0i 44: S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00e0i 1 (trang 218 sgk H\u00f3a 12 n\u00e2ng cao):\u00a0Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra? A. Pb2+\u00a0+ Sn\u2192 Pb + Sn2+ B. Sn2+\u00a0+ Ni \u2192 Sn + Ni2+ C. Pb2+\u00a0+ Ni\u2192 Pb + Ni2+ D. 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