\n
a) T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A.<\/p>\n
b) Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f3a 7,4 gam A v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 6,8 gam mu\u1ed1i. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean A.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
a) S\u1ed1 mol O2<\/sub>: nO2<\/sub>\u00a0= 3,2 \/ 32 = 0,1 (mol)<\/p>\nV\u00ec A v\u00e0 O2<\/sub>\u00a0\u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u00ean nA<\/sub>\u00a0= nO2<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,1 (mol)<\/p>\n=> MA<\/sub>\u00a0= 7,4 \/ 0,1 = 74.<\/p>\nA l\u00e0 este no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean c\u00f3 CTPT Cn<\/sub>H2n<\/sub>O2<\/sub>\u00a0(n >= 2)<\/p>\nC\u00f3 : 14n + 32 = 74 => n = 3; CTPT C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/p>\nb) G\u1ecdi CTPT c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 R1<\/sub>COOR2<\/sub><\/p>\nR1<\/sub>\u00a0COOR2<\/sub>\u00a0+ NaOH \u2192to<\/sup>\u00a0R1<\/sub>COONa + R2<\/sub>OH<\/p>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i Mmu\u1ed1i<\/sub>\u00a0= 6,8\/0,1 = 68<\/p>\nMmu\u1ed1i<\/sub>\u00a0= R1<\/sub>\u00a0+ MCOONa<\/sub>\u00a0= R1<\/sub>+ 67 = 68 \u2192 R1<\/sub>\u00a0= 1 \u2192 R1<\/sub>\u00a0: H<\/p>\nCTCT HCOOC3<\/sub>H7<\/sub>: propyl fomiat.<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 5 (trang 18 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Khi th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n a gam m\u1ed9t este X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,92 gam glixerol, 3,02 gam matri linoleat C17<\/sub>H31<\/sub>COONa v\u00e0 m gam mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a natri oleat C17<\/sub>H33<\/sub>COONa.<\/strong><\/p>\nT\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a a,m. Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a X.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
S\u1ed1 mol C3<\/sub>H7<\/sub>(OH)3<\/sub>: nC3H7(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,92\/92 = 0,01 (mol)<\/p>\nS\u1ed1 mol mu\u1ed1i C3<\/sub>H7<\/sub>COONa: nC3H7COONa<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,92\/92 = 0,01 (mol)<\/p>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i natri oleat C3<\/sub>H7<\/sub>COONa: m = 0,02.304 = 6,08(g)<\/p>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a este l\u00e0 a = 882.0,01 = 8,82(g)<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 2 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-5-trang-18-sgk-hoa-12.png\")
<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 6 (trang 18 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Khi th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 8,8 gam m\u1ed9t este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X v\u1edbi 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 1M (v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,6 gam m\u1ed9t ancol Y. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 :<\/strong><\/p>\nA. etyl fomiat.<\/p>\n
B. etyl propionat.<\/p>\n
C. etyl axetat.<\/p>\n
D. propyl axetat.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n C.<\/p>\n
G\u1ecdi CTPT c\u1ee7a este l\u00e0 RCOOR1<\/sub><\/p>\nS\u1ed1 mol KOH nKOH<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,1.1 = 0,1 (mol)<\/p>\nRCOOR1<\/sub>\u00a0+ KOH \u2192 RCOOK + R1<\/sub>OH<\/p>\nnRCOOR1<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,1 mol.<\/p>\nMRCOOR1<\/sub>\u00a0= 8,8\/0,1 = 88<\/p>\nMR1OH<\/sub>\u00a0= 4,6\/0,1 = 46<\/p>\nC\u00f3 R1<\/sub>\u00a0+ 44 + R = 88.<\/p>\nR1<\/sub>\u00a0+ 17 = 46.<\/p>\n=> R1<\/sub>\u00a0= 29, R2<\/sub>\u00a0= 15.<\/p>\n=> R1<\/sub>\u00a0= C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/p>\n=> R2<\/sub>\u00a0= CH3<\/sub>.<\/p>\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 : CH3<\/sub>COOC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>: etyl axetat<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 7 (trang 18 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 3,7 gam m\u1ed9t este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,36 l\u00edt CO2<\/sub>(\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 2,7 gam H2<\/sub>O. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\nA. C2<\/sub>H4<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/p>\nB. C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/p>\nC. C4<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/p>\nD. C5<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n
mC<\/sub>\u00a0= 3,36 \/ 22,4 . 12 = 1,8(g)<\/p>\nmH<\/sub>\u00a0= 2,7 \/ 18 . 2 = 0,3(g)<\/p>\nmO<\/sub>\u00a0= 3,7 – 1,8 – 0,3 = 1,6 (g)<\/p>\nCT: Cx<\/sub>Hy<\/sub>Oz<\/sub><\/p>\nx : y : z = 1,8\/12 : 0,3\/1 : 1,6\/16 = 0,15 : 0,3 : 0,1 = 1,5 : 3 : 1 = 3 : 6 : 2<\/p>\n
CTPT : (C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub>)n<\/sub>\u00a0V\u00ec este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 2 oxi n\u00ean n=1 => CTPT C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/p>\nB\u00e0i 8 (trang 18 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Cho 10,4 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m axit axetic v\u00e0 etyl axetat t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 150 gam dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 4%. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a etyl axetat trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong><\/p>\nA. 22%.<\/p>\n
B. 42,3%.<\/p>\n
C. 57,7%.<\/p>\n
D. 88%.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B.<\/p>\n
S\u1ed1 mol NaOH l\u00e0 nNaOH<\/sub>\u00a0= 150 . 4 \/ 100.40 = 0,15 (mol)<\/p>\nG\u1ecdi x, y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a CH3<\/sub>COOH v\u00e0 CH3<\/sub>COOC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub><\/p>\nCH3<\/sub>COOH + NaOH \u2192 CH3<\/sub>COONa + H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\nCH3<\/sub>COOC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>\u00a0+ NaOH \u2192to<\/sup>\u00a0CH3<\/sub>COONa + C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH<\/p>\nnNaOH<\/sub>\u00a0= x + y = 0,15.<\/p>\nmhh<\/sub>\u00a0= 60x + 88y = 10,4.<\/p>\nGi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ta c\u00f3 x = 0,1; y = 0,05.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng etyl axetat :<\/p>\n
mCH3COOC2H5<\/sub>\u00a0= 88 . 0,05 = 4,4(g)<\/p>\n%mCH3COOC2H5<\/sub>\u00a0= 4,4 \/ 10,4 . 100% = 42,3%<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e0i 1 (trang 18 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0So s\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 este v\u1ec1: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t? L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: So s\u00e1nh este v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o B\u00e0i 2 (trang 18 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Khi \u0111un h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai axit cacboxylic v\u1edbi glixerol (axit H2SO4\u00a0l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1305],"tags":[1419,1420],"yoast_head":"\n
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