B\u00e0i 3 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ?<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft sinh ra b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n
So s\u00e1nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n
– Gi\u1ed1ng nhau: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng chung electron.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n
+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb: s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng chung electron gi\u0169a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tham gia li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i: s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng chung electron to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
So s\u00e1nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion.<\/p>\n
– Gi\u1ed1ng nhau: \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft sinh ra b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n
+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion: do l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai ion mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n
+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i: l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh ra do c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do trong kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 4 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0M\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/strong><\/p>\nA. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ion kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00e1c electron \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
B. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ion kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n
C. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
D. Ion kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 5 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Cho c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron :1s2<\/sup>2s2<\/sup>2p6<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\nD\u00e3y n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
A. K+<\/sup>, Cl, Ar<\/p>\nB. Li+<\/sup>, Br, Ne<\/p>\nC. Na+<\/sup>, Cl, Ar<\/p>\nD. Na+<\/sup>, F–<\/sup>, Ne<\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n D.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
B\u00e0i 6 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Cation R+<\/sup>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 2p6<\/sup>. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed P l\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\nA. F.<\/p>\n
B. Na.<\/p>\n
C. K.<\/p>\n
D. Cl.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 7 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0H\u00f2a tan 1,44 gam m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II trong 150ml dung d\u1ecbch H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a00,5M. Mu\u1ed1n trung h\u00f2a axit d\u01b0 trong dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft 30ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 1M. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 :<\/strong><\/p>\nA. Ba.<\/p>\n
B. Ca.<\/p>\n
C. Mg.<\/p>\n
D. Be.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n C.<\/p>\n
G\u1ecdi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0 R. C\u00e1c PTHH:<\/p>\n
R + H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 RSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+H2 (1)<\/p>\nH2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2NaOH \u2192 Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2O (2)<\/p>\nS\u1ed1 mol H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0l\u00e0 nH2SO4<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,15.0,5 = 0,075 (mol);<\/p>\nS\u1ed1 mol NaOH l\u00e0 nNaOH<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,03.1 = 0,03 (mol)<\/p>\nS\u1ed1 mol H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) l\u00e0:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-7-trang-82-sgk-hoa-12.png\")
<\/p>\n
V\u1eady R l\u00e0 Mg.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
B\u00e0i 8 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 15,4 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Mg v\u00e0 Zn trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 0,6 gam kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>\u00a0bay ra. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o ra trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
A. 36,7 g.<\/p>\n
B. 35,7 g.<\/p>\n
C. 63,7 g.<\/p>\n
D. 53,7 g.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
S\u1ed1 mol H2<\/sub>\u00a0l\u00e0 nH2<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,6\/2 = 0,3(mol)<\/p>\nPTHH : Mg + 2HCl \u2192 MgCl2 + H2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2191 (1)<\/p>\nZn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2191 (2)<\/p>\nG\u1ecdi x, y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Mg v\u00e0 Zn trong dung d\u1ecbch x, y > 0<\/p>\n
nH2<\/sub>\u00a0= x + y = 0,3 mol.<\/p>\nmhh<\/sub>\u00a0= 24x + 65y = 15,4.<\/p>\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m = x(24 + 71) + y(65 + 71)<\/p>\n
m = 24x + 65y + 71(x + y) = 15,4 + 71.0,3 = 36,7 (g)<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i 9 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Cho 12,8 gam kim lo\u1ea1i A h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Cl2<\/sub>\u00a0thu mu\u1ed1i B. H\u00f2a tan B v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 400ml dung d\u1ecbch C. Nh\u00fang thanh s\u1eaft n\u1eb7ng 11,2 gam v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1ea5y kim lo\u1ea1i A b\u00e1m v\u00e0o thanh s\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh s\u1eaft l\u00e0 12,0 gam, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 FeCl2<\/sub>\u00a0trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 0,25M. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i B trong dung d\u1ecbch C.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-9-trang-82-sgk-hoa-12.png\")
<\/p>\n
s\u1ed1 mol FeCl2<\/sub>\u00a0l\u00e0 n = 0,25 . 0,4 = 0,1 (mol)<\/p>\nG\u1ecdi x l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n
kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00e0<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-9-trang-82-sgk-hoa-12-1.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e0i 1 (trang 82 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n? L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: Trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 90 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau: – Nh\u00f3m IA (tr\u1eeb hi\u0111ro) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m IIA. – Nh\u00f3m IIIA (tr\u1eeb Bo) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1305],"tags":[1419,1420],"yoast_head":"\n
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