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{"id":24485,"date":"2018-03-29T15:47:10","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T08:47:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/?p=24485"},"modified":"2018-03-29T15:47:10","modified_gmt":"2018-03-29T08:47:10","slug":"chuong-5-bai-18-tinh-chat-cua-kim-loai-day-dien-hoa-cua-kim-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-5-bai-18-tinh-chat-cua-kim-loai-day-dien-hoa-cua-kim-loai\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 – B\u00e0i 18: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. D\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i 1 (trang 88 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u00e1nh kim?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

B\u00e0i 2 (trang 88 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed<\/p>\n

M \u2013 ne \u2192 Mn+<\/sup><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec:<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 electron h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \u00edt 1,2,3 electron.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion h\u00f3a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c electron h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu n\u00ean ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 3 (trang 88 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. B\u1ed9t s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

B. B\u1ed9t l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh.<\/p>\n

C. Natri.<\/p>\n

D. N\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec Hg \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng khi Hg + S \u2192 HgS (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c)<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 4 (trang 89 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Dung d\u1ecbch FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 CuSO4<\/sub>. H\u00e3y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion thu g\u1ecdn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

Cho m\u1ed9t thanh s\u1eaft s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

Fe + CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Cu tho\u00e1t ra b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thanh s\u1eaft, l\u1ea5y thanh s\u1eaft ra ta c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 FeSO4<\/sub><\/p>\n

Fe + CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu<\/p>\n

Fe + Cu2+<\/sup>\u2192 Fe2+<\/sup>+ Cu<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 5 (trang 9 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Nh\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 s\u1eaft nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t sau: FeCl3<\/sub>, AlCl3<\/sub>, CuSO4<\/sub>, Pb(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>, NaCl, HCl, HNO3<\/sub>, H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>(\u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng), NH4<\/sub>NO3<\/sub>. S\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i Fe(II) l\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. 3.<\/p>\n

B. 4.<\/p>\n

C. 5.<\/p>\n

D. 6.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn B.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 FeCl3<\/sub>, CuSO4<\/sub>, Pb(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>, HCl<\/p>\n

Fe + 2FeCl3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 3FeCl2<\/sub><\/p>\n

Fe + CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu<\/p>\n

Fe + Pb(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 Fe(NO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u00a0+ Pb<\/p>\n

Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 6 (trang 89 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Cho 5,5 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Al v\u00e0 Fe (trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol Al g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 mol Fe) v\u00e0o 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a01M. Khu\u1ea5y k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu m gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m l\u00e0 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. 33,95 g<\/p>\n

B. 35,2g<\/p>\n

C. 39,35g<\/p>\n

D. 35,39g<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra :<\/p>\n

Al + 3Ag+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Al3+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 3Ag (1)<\/p>\n

Fe + 3Ag+<\/sup>\u00a0\u2192 Fe3+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 3Ag (2)<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ta c\u00f3 : 27x + 28x = 5,5 (1) suy ra x = 0,1 mol<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,3 x 1 = 0,3 mol , do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1).<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn = mAg<\/sub>\u00a0+ 5,5 – mAl<\/sub>\u00a0= 3 x 0,1 x 108 + 5,5 \u2013 2,7 = 35,20 (g)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 7 (trang 89 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0H\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh kh\u1eed v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ion trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Fe, Fe2+<\/sup>, Fe3+<\/sup>, Zn, Zn2+<\/sup>, Ni, Ni2+<\/sup>, H, H+<\/sup>, Hg, Hg2+<\/sup>, Ag, Ag+<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

b) Cl, Cl\u2013<\/sup>, Br, Br\u2013<\/sup>, F, F\u2013<\/sup>, I, I\u2013<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

a) Gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh kh\u1eed: Zn > Fe > Ni > H > Hg > Ag<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a: Zn2+<\/sup>\u00a0< Fe2+<\/sup>\u00a0< Ni2+<\/sup>\u00a0< H+ < Hg2+<\/sup>\u00a0< Fe3+<\/sup>\u00a0< Ag+<\/sup><\/p>\n

b) Gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh kh\u1eed: I\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0> Br\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0> Cl\u2013<\/sup>\u00a0> F\u2013<\/sup><\/p>\n

T\u0103ng t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a: I > Br > Cl > F<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 8 (trang 89 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i (d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1ebbo, \u00e1nh kim ) g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

D. C\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do trong tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n D.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i 1 (trang 88 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u00e1nh kim? L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1305],"tags":[1419,1420],"yoast_head":"\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 - B\u00e0i 18: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. D\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-5-bai-18-tinh-chat-cua-kim-loai-day-dien-hoa-cua-kim-loai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 - B\u00e0i 18: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. D\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00e0i 1 (trang 88 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd chung l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u00e1nh kim? 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