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{"id":24479,"date":"2018-03-29T15:42:21","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T08:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/?p=24479"},"modified":"2018-03-29T15:42:21","modified_gmt":"2018-03-29T08:42:21","slug":"chuong-5-bai-20-su-an-mon-kim-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-5-bai-20-su-an-mon-kim-loai\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 – B\u00e0i 20: S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i 1 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0\u0102n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i? D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

M \u2192 Mn+<\/sup>\u00a0+ ne.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i : \u0102n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Trong hai d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 2 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0H\u00e3y n\u00eau c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1eaft l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

– Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u1eaft lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a tan O2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 CO2<\/sub>\u00a0trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n li.<\/p>\n

– S\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 cacbon) c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 pin r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 s\u1eaft l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 cacbon l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c \u00e2m : s\u1eaft b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ion Fe(2+<\/sub>): Fe \u2192 Fe2+<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2e<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 3 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0N\u00eau t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i?<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kim lo\u1ea1i, kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00fd<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf : ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1ch ch\u00f3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i :<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1ch li kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng : d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi m\u00f4t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u00f4i d\u1ea7u, m\u1ee1, tr\u00e1ng men, …<\/p>\n

– D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: n\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. Kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 4 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o v\u1ecf t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– V\u1ecf t\u00e0u th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh k\u1ebdm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– V\u1ecf t\u00e0u th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ecf t\u00e0u th\u00e9p (Fe) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh Zn th\u00ec v\u1ecf t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u1eed Zn > Fe. Fe-Zn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7p pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u00f3 Zn b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i Fe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 5 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Cho l\u00e1 Fe kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o :<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Dung d\u1ecbch H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0lo\u00e3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

b. Dung d\u1ecbch H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf CuSO4<\/sub>. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

a. Cho l\u00e1 s\u1eaft v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0lo\u00e3ng , ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

Fe + H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub><\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed hidro, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>\u00a0sinh ra b\u00e1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t thanh s\u1eaft s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho thanh s\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

b. Cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

CuSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Fe \u2192 FeSO4<\/sub>\u00a0+ Cu \u2193<\/p>\n

Cu sinh ra b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thanh s\u1eaft h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7p pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a Fe-Cu. L\u00fac n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a trong dung d\u1ecbch H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u00a0lo\u00e3ng<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kh\u1eed : Fe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n Cu n\u00ean Fe \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m. Cu \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c \u00e2m: Fe – 2e \u2192 Fe2+<\/sup><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng : 2H+<\/sup>\u00a0+ 2e \u2192 H2<\/sub><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>\u00a0tho\u00e1t ra \u1edf c\u1ef1c Cu, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>\u00a0tho\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 6 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y ph\u01a1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2y th\u00e9p. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed1i hai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2y khi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. S\u1eaft b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C. S\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D. S\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n A.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00ednh kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a Fe > Cu. Fe-Cu t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u00f3 Fe b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i 1 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0\u0102n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i? D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n? L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1305],"tags":[1419,1420],"yoast_head":"\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 - B\u00e0i 20: S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/chuong-5-bai-20-su-an-mon-kim-loai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 - B\u00e0i 20: S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00e0i 1 (trang 95 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0\u0102n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i? D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n? 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