2<\/sub>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111ktc. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\nA. 16,2 gam v\u00e0 15 gam.<\/p>\n
B. 10,8 gam v\u00e0 20,4 gam.<\/p>\n
C. 6,4 gam v\u00e0 24,8 gam.<\/p>\n
D. 11,2 gam v\u00e0 20 gam.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
Ch\u1ecdn B.<\/p>\n
nH2<\/sub>\u00a0= 13,44 \/ 22,4 = 0,6 (mol).<\/p>\n2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2NaAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2191 0,4<\/p>\nAl2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2NaOH \u2192 2NaAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\nnAl<\/sub>\u00a0= 2\/3 nH2<\/sub>\u00a0= 0,4 mol.<\/p>\n=> mAl<\/sub>\u00a0= 27.0,4 = 10,8 (gam); mAl2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u00a0= 31,2 -10,8 = 20,4 (gam).<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 4 (trang 134 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng th\u00eam 1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y sau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p>\na) C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i: Al, Ca, Na.<\/p>\n
b) C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: NaCl, CaCl2<\/sub>, AlCl3<\/sub>.<\/p>\nc) C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t: CaO, MgO, Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>.<\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
a) D\u00f9ng H2<\/sub>O: Na tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t; Ca tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c; Mg, Al kh\u00f4ng tan. Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o Mg, Al, kim lo\u1ea1i tan l\u00e0 Al, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Mg.<\/p>\nb) D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch NaOH: dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch CaCl2<\/sub>; t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo sau \u0111\u00f3 tan khi cho d\u01b0 NaOH l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3<\/sub>; c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch NaCl.<\/p>\nc) D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc: CaO tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c, l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 cho dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o 2 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o tan l\u00e0 Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>; kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 MgO.<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 5 (trang 134 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi.<\/strong><\/p>\na) Cho dung d\u1ecbch NH3<\/sub>\u00a0d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3<\/sub>.<\/p>\nb) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3<\/sub>.<\/p>\nc) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch Al2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\nd) S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 khi CO2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaAlO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\ne) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaAlO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
a. Cho dd NH3<\/sub>\u00a0d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dd AlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo Al(OH)3<\/sub><\/p>\nAlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3NH3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub>O \u2192 Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3NH4<\/sub>Cl<\/p>\nb.Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dd NaOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0ban \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo Al(OH)3<\/sub>, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan ra dung d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong su\u1ed1t<\/p>\nAlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3NaOH \u2192 Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u2193 + 3NaCl<\/p>\nAl(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0+ NaOH \u2192 NaAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\nc.Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dd Al2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch Al2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Al(OH)3<\/sub>, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan ngay.<\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Al2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub>\u00a0ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo Al(OH)3<\/sub>, sau \u0111\u00f3 khi d\u01b0 NaOH th\u00ec k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan ra.<\/p>\nAl2<\/sub>(SO4<\/sub>)3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 6NaOH \u2192 2Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u2193 + 3Na2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub><\/p>\nAl(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0+ NaOH \u2192 NaAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\nd. S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Na[Al(OH)4<\/sub>].<\/p>\nXu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo Al(OH)3<\/sub><\/p>\nNaAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 2H2<\/sub>O + CO2<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 NaHCO3<\/sub>\u00a0+ Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u2193<\/p>\ne.Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dd Na[Al(OH)4<\/sub>].<\/p>\nBan \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo c\u1ee7a Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 khi HCl d\u01b0 th\u00ec k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan ra<\/p>\nNaAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ HCl \u2192 NaCl + Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u2193 + H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n3HCl + Al(OH)3<\/sub>\u00a0\u2192 AlCl3<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\nB\u00e0i 6 (trang 134 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m hai kim lo\u1ea1i K v\u00e0 Al c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 10,5 gam. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Th\u00eam t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A: l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, khi th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n % s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i trong X.<\/strong><\/p>\nL\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n
G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a K v\u00e0 Al trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 x v\u00e0 y.<\/p>\n
K + H2<\/sub>0 \u2192 KOH + H2<\/sub>. (1)<\/p>\n2Al + KOH + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2KAlO2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 3H2<\/sub>. (1)<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-6-trang-134-sgk-hoa-12.png\")
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B\u00e0i 1 (trang 134 SGK H\u00f3a 12):\u00a0Nh\u00f4m b\u1ec1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 do A. Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B. C\u00f3 m\u00e0ng oxit Al2O3\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C. C\u00f3 m\u00e0ng hi\u0111roxit Al(OH)3\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. D. Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: \u0110\u00e1p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1305],"tags":[1419,1420],"yoast_head":"\n
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Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B. C\u00f3 m\u00e0ng oxit Al2O3\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C. C\u00f3 m\u00e0ng hi\u0111roxit Al(OH)3\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. D. Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 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