Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0in nghi\u00eang<\/i>\u00a0gi\u1eefa b\u00e0i<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(trang 44 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945-1973?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 M\u0129 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

– M\u0129 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u, thu l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 2, M\u0129 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung l\u1eadp, M\u0129 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham chi\u1ebfn. \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

– \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc-k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p – qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n M\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

– Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(trang 44 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0H\u00e3y n\u00eau nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh trong quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u0129 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1973-1991<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n

– Sau n\u0103m 1973, M\u0129 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tri\u1ec3n khai \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d, v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

– V\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Rig\u00e2n, M\u0129 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u X\u00f4 – M\u0129 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u0129 trong khi T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– 12\/1989: M\u0129 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n

(trang 46 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0N\u00eau m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cCam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng B. Clint\u01a1n.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n

– B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129.<\/p>\n

– S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cth\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (trang 46)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 1 (trang 46 sgk S\u1eed 12):Qua b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, h\u00e3y n\u00eau nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129 m\u00e0 em bi\u1ebft.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 – B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/strong>
\nPh\u00e1t minh \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Thomas Edison n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ph\u1ed1 \u1edf New Jersey – M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Edison \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u0103n minh cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n do Edison ph\u00e1t minh ra, v\u00ec l\u00fd do ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang. Song, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn: b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.
\nM\u00e1y qu\u00e9t c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

2 – C\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Henry Ford. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1908. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra xe h\u01a1i, tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xe h\u01a1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi h\u00e3ng Ford.<\/p>\n

3 – Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn – c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9. Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c nh\u01b0 ti vi, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh… v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956 cho ph\u00e1t minh \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

4 – V\u1ec7 tinh th\u00f4ng tin<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 tinh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958. Ngay sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1ec7 tinh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Eisenhover v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung: “Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh bay trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5”. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a con t\u00e0u Apollo, v\u1ec7 tinh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

5 – M\u00e1y qu\u00e9t c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t \u1ea3nh c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec7nh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Raymond Damadian. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho ph\u00e9p qu\u00e9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn hay \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. M\u00e1y qu\u00e9t c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977<\/p>\n

6 – Internet<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. Internet xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Stanford, UC Santa Barbara v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Utah. M\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ARPAnet v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971.<\/p>\n

7 – C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 laser\u00a0<\/strong>
\nL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1t minh ra laser l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1917, Albert Einstein \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tia c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 tia laser ng\u00e0y nay. Song, ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1960, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hughes – California – M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ecm ra n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

8 – \u0110\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng<\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 khi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi bay v\u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a09 9- Bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Song, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2 (trang 46 sgk S\u1eed 12):2. N\u00eau nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u0129 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945-2000<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1973, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u0129 lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. M\u0129 tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong n\u0103m 1972, M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

1973-1991: M\u0129 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tri\u1ec3n khai \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d, v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Rig\u00e2n, M\u0129 v\u1eabn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang. 12\/1989: M\u0129 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 90, Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B. Clint\u01a1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201cCam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng\u201d, M\u0129 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0in nghi\u00eang\u00a0gi\u1eefa b\u00e0i (trang 44 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945-1973? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: – L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 M\u0129 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, t\u1ea1o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1311],"tags":[1418,1417],"yoast_head":"\n