Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0in nghi\u00eang<\/i>\u00a0gi\u1eefa b\u00e0i<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n (trang 131 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0V\u00ec sao cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ng\u00e0y 19 – 12 – 1946.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n – Ph\u00e1p b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc sau khi k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 (6 – 3 – 1946) v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc (14 – 9 – 1946) v\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n – Ph\u00e1p khi\u00eau kh\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ta \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, Nam B\u1ed9, Nam Trung B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 18 – 12 – 1946, Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi t\u1ed1 h\u1eadu th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p cai qu\u1ea3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n – Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn trong to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 19 – 12 – 1946 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p khi c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng ra L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n (trang 131 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n – \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb To\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n:<\/i>\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o… M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129. G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tham gia kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1eeda ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n:<\/i>\u00a0kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i giao… B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0m cho ta suy y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngu d\u00e2n, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ta v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf… M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ta v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n –\u00a0Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3:<\/i>\u00a0kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1, c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. \u00c2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00f2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb, v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00f4 s\u01a1. N\u00ean bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n – Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1t huy ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n – L\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c ta m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho ta\u201d l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ta d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n (trang 133 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n – Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16 di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia.<\/p>\n – \u1ede H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n – \u1ede c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc Ninh, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng… qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 bao v\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n – Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ed5 v\u0169 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n (trang 135 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu – \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch.<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n * Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn:<\/b><\/p>\n – Th\u00e1ng 3 – 1947, Ph\u00e1p c\u1eed B\u00f4lae l\u00e0m Cao \u1ee7y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ta, nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n – Th\u00e1ng 10 – 1947, Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u201cph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tan cu\u1ed9c t\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n – Th\u00e1ng 11 – 1947, qu\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bao v\u00e2y Ph\u00e1p \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19 – 12 – 1947.<\/p>\n * K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/b><\/p>\n – Bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed3n, Ch\u1ee3 R\u00e3,..<\/p>\n – Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n trang qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, ca n\u00f4.<\/p>\n – B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n cho c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n * \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/b><\/p>\n + Chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n + L\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh\u201d, \u201cd\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Bu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh theo chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi ta.<\/p>\n (trang 138 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu – \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00eau di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch?<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/b><\/p>\n * Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/b><\/p>\n – Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n + H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n + C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (1 – 10 – 1949).<\/p>\n – Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n + Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n + T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta, b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho Ph\u00e1p. M\u0129 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n + Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1ve, nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, mong gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n * Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn:<\/b><\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 16 – 9 – 1950, qu\u00e2n ta m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp Cao B\u1eb1ng, uy hi\u1ebfp c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m Th\u1ea5t Kh\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4.<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 18 – 9 – 1950, \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, Ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1eeb B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 l\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u201ch\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n k\u00e9p\u201d:<\/p>\n + M\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1eeb Th\u1ea5t Kh\u00ea l\u00ean nh\u1eb1m chi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea, m\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4.<\/p>\n + M\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb Cao B\u1eb1ng xu\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00ea.<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 22 – 10 – 1950, Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n * K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/b><\/p>\n – Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n 8 ngh\u00ecn t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n – Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t – Trung t\u1eeb Cao B\u1eb1ng t\u1edbi \u0110\u00ecnh L\u1eadp.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng h\u00e0nh lang \u0110\u00f4ng – T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n – K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch R\u01a1ve b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n * \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/b><\/p>\n – Khai th\u00f4ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n – M\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (trang 138)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e2u 1 (trang 138 sgk S\u1eed 12):Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n * T\u00ednh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a:<\/b><\/p>\n – \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i n\u00eau r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua 3 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh: L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (20 – 12 – 1946), Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u201cTo\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng (22 – 12 – 1946) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cKh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh (9 – 1947).<\/p>\n * T\u00ednh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n:<\/b><\/p>\n – \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n – N\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chia t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. H\u1ec5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 138 sgk S\u1eed 12):N\u00eau t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb khi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu – \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 19 – 12 – 1946, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 6 – 3 – 1946, k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00f9 nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n – Ng\u00e0y 14 – 9 – 1946, k\u00fd v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n – Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu – \u0111\u00f4ng 1947 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n – Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu – \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, khai th\u00f4ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0in nghi\u00eang\u00a0gi\u1eefa b\u00e0i (trang 131 sgk L\u1ecbch S\u1eed 12):\u00a0–\u00a0V\u00ec sao cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ng\u00e0y 19 – 12 – 1946. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: – Ph\u00e1p b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc sau khi k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 (6 – 3 – 1946) v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc (14 – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1311],"tags":[1405,1404],"yoast_head":"\n