Trong ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 hoc h\u1eefu c\u01a1, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00a0t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1:<\/p>\n
| Ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\n | Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed<\/td>\n | Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/td>\n | Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ed9i C = C, C\u00a0\u2261\u00a0C<\/td>\n | dd Br2<\/td>\n | C = C + Br2\u00a0\u2192 CBr \u2013 CBr<\/p>\n C \u00ba C + 2Br2\u00a0\u2192 CBr2\u00a0\u2013 CBr2<\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch Br2\u00a0b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dd KMnO4<\/td>\n | 3C=C + 2KMnO4\u00a0+ 4H2O \u2192 2MnO2<\/p>\n 3C(OH)-C(OH) + 2KOH<\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4\u00a0b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C\u00f3 H \u1edf C mang li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba<\/td>\n | dd AgNO3\u00a0trong NH3<\/td>\n | CH\u2261C-R + AgNO3\u00a0+ NH3\u00a0+ H2O \u2192 NH4NO3\u00a0+ CAg\u2261C-R\u2193<\/td>\n | K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C\u00f3 nh\u00f3m OH<\/td>\n | Na, K<\/td>\n | ROH + Na \u2192 RONa + 1\/2H2<\/td>\n | S\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 nh\u00f3m OH li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1<\/td>\n | Cu(OH)2\u00a0\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n | 2R(OH)2\u00a0+ Cu(OH)2\u00a0\u2192 [R(OH)O]2Cu + 2H2O<\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch m\u00e0u xanh lam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phenol<\/td>\n | dd Br2<\/td>\n | C6H5OH + 3Br2\u00a0\u2192 C6H2Br3OH\u2193 + 3HBr<\/td>\n | K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C\u00f3 nh\u00f3m CHO<\/td>\n | Cu(OH)2\u00a0trong NaOH \u0111un n\u00f3ng<\/td>\n | RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2\u00a0+ NaOH \u2192 RCOONa + Cu2O\u00af + 2H2O<\/td>\n | K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dd AgNO3\u00a0trong NH3<\/td>\n | RCHO + 2AgNO3\u00a0+ 3NH3\u00a0+ H2O \u2192 RCOONH4\u00a0+ 2NH4NO3\u00a0+ 2Ag<\/td>\n | K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dd Br2<\/td>\n | RCHO + Br2\u00a0+ H2O \u2192 RCOOH + 2HBr<\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch Br2\u00a0nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C\u00f3 nh\u00f3m COOH<\/td>\n | Kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc H2, mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, hidrocacbon<\/td>\n | RCOOH + Na \u2192 RCOONa + \u00bdH2<\/p>\n RCOOH + NaHCO3\u00a0\u2192 RCOONa + CO2\u00a0+ H2O<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/ins><\/ins><\/ins><\/div>\n<\/td>\n C\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tho\u00e1t ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Amin c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m NH2\u00a0(m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n NH3)<\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm, phenolphtalein<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 v\u00e0 phenolphtalein chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | HNO2<\/td>\n | RNH2\u00a0+ HNO2\u00a0\u2192 ROH + N2\u00a0+ H2O<\/td>\n | Kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Amin c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m NH (m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n NH3)<\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm, phenolphtalein<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 v\u00e0 phenolphtalein chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | HNO2<\/td>\n | RNHR\u2019 + HNO2\u00a0\u2192 RN(NO)R\u2019 + H2O<\/td>\n | H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Amin c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m N (m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n NH3)<\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm, phenolphtalein<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 v\u00e0 phenolphtalein chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Amin c\u00f3 N g\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng benzen c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed o ho\u1eb7c p c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng<\/td>\n | dd Br2<\/td>\n | C6H5NH2\u00a0+ 3Br2\u00a0\u2192 C6H2Br3NH2\u2193 + 3HBr<\/td>\n | K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Amino axit<\/td>\n | Qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | – COOH > NH2: qu\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n | – COOH < NH2: qu\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u xanh<\/p>\n – COOH = NH2: qu\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n Peptit (c\u00f3 3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft peptit tr\u1edf l\u00ean), protein<\/td>\n | Cu(OH)2<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch m\u00e0u t\u00edm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | HCOOH v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, este c\u1ee7a axit n\u00e0y<\/td>\n | dd AgNO3\u00a0trong NH3<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ag<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Hidrocacbon v\u00f2ng 3 c\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n | dd Br2<\/td>\n | C3H6\u00a0+ Br2\u00a0\u2192 C3H6Br2<\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch Br2\u00a0m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Hidrocacbon th\u01a1m c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh<\/td>\n | dd KMnO4, \u0111un n\u00f3ng<\/td>\n | C6H5CH3\u00a0+ 2KMnO4\u00a0\u2192 C6H5COOK + 2MnO2\u00a0+ H2O + KOH<\/td>\n | Dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4\u00a0nh\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Hidrocacbon no, este<\/td>\n | T\u00ednh tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Kh\u00f4ng tan, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" | Trong ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 hoc h\u1eefu c\u01a1, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00a0t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng khi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1: Ch\u1ea5t Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ed9i C […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n |