B\u00e0i 1 (trang 64 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch trong gen:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 3′ \u2026TATGGGXATGTAATGGGX\u2026 5′<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 a) H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit c\u1ee7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 – M\u1ea1ch b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 – mARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean m\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 b) C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4\u0111on trong mARN?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 c) Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ba \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4\u0111on \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ea1ch khu\u00f4n (m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a) c\u1ee7a gen:<\/p>\n 3′ \u2026TATGGGXATGTAATGGGX\u2026 5′<\/p>\n a) M\u1ea1ch b\u1ed5 sung: 5’\u2026ATAXXXGTAXATTAXXXG\u20263′<\/p>\n mARN: 5’\u2026AUAXXXGUAXAUUAXXXG\u20263′<\/p>\n b) C\u00f3 18 : 3 = 6 c\u00f4\u0111on tr\u00ean mARN<\/p>\n c) C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ba \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a tARN \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4\u0111on: UAU, GGG, XAU, GUA, AUG, GGX.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 2 (trang 64 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n a) C\u00e1c c\u00f4\u0111on n\u00e0o trong mARN m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 glixin?<\/strong><\/p>\n b) C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4\u0111on m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 lizin? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4\u0111on h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 ba \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung.<\/strong><\/p>\n c) Khi c\u00f4\u0111on AAG tr\u00ean mARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 th\u00ec axit amin n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit?<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n a) C\u00e1c c\u00f4\u0111on GGU,GGX,GGA,GGG trong mARN \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 glixin.<\/p>\n b) C\u00f3 hai c\u00f4\u0111on m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 lizin.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1c c\u00f4\u0111on tr\u00ean mARN: AAA, AAG.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3 tr\u00ean tARN: UUU, UUX.<\/p>\n c) C\u00f4\u0111on AAG tr\u00ean mARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 th\u00ec lizin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 3 (trang 64 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit l\u00e0 Arg-Gly-Ser-Phe-Val-Asp-Arg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n – G G X T A G X T G X T T X X T T G G G G A –<\/strong><\/p>\n – X X G A T X G A X G A A G G A A X X X X T –<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 g\u1ed1c? \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (5′ \u2192 3′ hay 3′ \u2192 5′).<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110o\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit :Arg-Gly-Ser-Phe-Val-Asp-Arg<\/p>\n mARN 5′ AGG GGU UXX UUX GUX GAU XGG 3′<\/p>\n ADN m\u1ea1ch khu\u00f4n 3′ TXX XXA AGG AAG XAG XTA GXX 5′<\/p>\n M\u1ea1ch b\u1ed5 sung 5′ AGG GGT TXX TTX GTX GAT XGG 3′<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 4 (trang 64 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n p\u00f4lipeptit g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c amin sau:\u2026Val-Trp-Lys-Pro\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c axit amin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ba sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 Val: GUU; Trp: UGG; Lys: AAG; Pro: XXA.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 a) Bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4\u0111on m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n p\u00f4lipeptit \u0111\u00f3?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 b) Vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean mARN.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n a) B\u1ed1n c\u00f4\u0111on c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c axit amin Val-Trp-Lys-Pro v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n b) Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch mARN l\u00e0 GUU UUG AAG XXA.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 5 (trang 65 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n mARN c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n 5’\u2026XAUAAGAAUXUUGX\u20263′<\/strong><\/p>\n a) Vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit c\u1ee7a ADN \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111o\u1ea1n mARN n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/p>\n b) Vi\u1ebft 4 axit amin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n mARN tr\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n c) Cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit x\u1ea3y ra trong ADN l\u00e0m cho nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 U c\u1ee7a mARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng G:<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 5’\u2026XAG*AAGAAUXUUGX\u2026 3′<\/em><\/p>\n H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 axit amin c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n gen b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n d) Cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit x\u1ea3y ra trong ADN l\u00e0m cho G \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit th\u1ee9 3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 4 c\u1ee7a mARN n\u00e0y:<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 5′ \u2026XAUG*AAGAAUXUUGX\u2026 3′<\/em><\/p>\n H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 axit amin c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i p\u00f4lipeptit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n gen b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n e) Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf (c) v\u00e0 (d), lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o trong ADN c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00ean pr\u00f4t\u00eain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 (thay th\u1ebf nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit hay th\u00eam nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit)? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n a) a. M\u1ea1ch ADN khu\u00f4n : 3′ \u2026GTA TTX TTA GAA XG\u2026 5′<\/p>\n b) His \u2013 Lys \u2013 Asn \u2013 Leu<\/p>\n c) 5′ \u2026XAG* AAG AAU XUU GX\u2026 3′<\/p>\n Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 axit amin: Gln \u2013 Lys \u2013 Asn \u2013 Leu<\/p>\n d) 5′ \u2026XAU G*AG GAA UXU UGX\u2026 3′<\/p>\n Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 axit amin: His \u2013 Glu \u2013 Glu \u2013 Ser \u2013 Cys<\/p>\n e) Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00eam 1 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit trong ADN c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00ean pr\u00f4t\u00eain \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch m\u00e3, v\u00ec \u1edf ph\u1ea7n c: \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf U b\u1eb1ng G* \u1edf c\u00f4\u0111on th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t XAU th\u00e0nh XAG*, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi 1 axit amin m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 (c\u00f4\u0111on m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 His th\u00e0nh c\u00f4\u0111on m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 Glu), c\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d: \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4\u0111on th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, khung \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4\u0111on t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00eam thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 axit amin t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 6 (trang 65 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NST l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i 2n=10. \u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a bao nhi\u00eau lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 ba \u1edf lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y?<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n B\u1ed9 NST c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i: 2n = 10 \u2192 n = 5<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 ba \u0111\u01a1n (2n + 1) l\u00e0: 5<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 ba k\u00e9p (2n + 1 + 1) l\u00e0: 10<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 7 (trang 65 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u1edf c\u00e2y c\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 ba v\u1ec1 NST s\u1ed1 2 (s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NST s\u1ed1 2 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra theo ki\u1ec3u hai NST s\u1ed1 2 b\u1eaft \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 NST s\u1ed1 2 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh). S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n li gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c NST x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 bao nhi\u00eau khi c\u00e2y ba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e2y th\u1ec3 ba \u1edf c\u1eb7p NST s\u1ed1 2 l\u00e0 2n + 1, c\u00e2y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo \u0111\u1ec3 ra ta c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lai:<\/p>\n P: 2n + 1 \u00a0 \u00a0 x \u00a0 \u00a0 2n<\/p>\n Gp<\/sub>: n; n + 1 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 n<\/p>\n F1<\/sub>: 2n ; 2n + 1<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y con, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm 50%, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 50% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y con l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ba (2n + 1) v\u00e0 50% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y con l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i (2n).<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 8 (trang 65 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0B\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i NST c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 2n = 24.<\/strong><\/p>\n a) C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau NST \u1edf th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ed9i, th\u1ec3 tam b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9 b\u1ed9i?<\/strong><\/p>\n b) Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111a b\u1ed9i tr\u00ean, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111a b\u1ed9i l\u1ebb, d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111a b\u1ed9i ch\u1eb5n?<\/p>\n c) N\u00eau c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111a b\u1ed9i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NST c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i 2n = 24 \u2192 n = 12. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n a) S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NST \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u1edf:<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ed9i n = 1 x 12 = 12.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 tam b\u1ed9i 3n = 3 x 12 = 36.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9 b\u1ed9i 4n = 4 x 12 = 48.<\/p>\n b) Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111a b\u1ed9i tr\u00ean, tam b\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111a b\u1ed9i l\u1ebb, t\u1ee9 b\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111a b\u1ed9i ch\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n c) C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 tam b\u1ed9i: trong gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n NST t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thoi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u2192 t\u1ea1o giao t\u1eed 2n. Khi th\u1ee5 tinh giao t\u1eed 2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao t\u1eed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p t\u1eed 3n.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9 b\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd:<\/p>\n + Nguy\u00ean ph\u00e2n: Trong l\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u1eed 2n, c\u00e1c NST \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n li d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9 b\u1ed9i 4n.<\/p>\n + Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 tinh: Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh giao t\u1eed, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n li c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p NST t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh giao t\u1eed 2n.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee5 tinh: 2n + 2n \u2192 4n.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 9 (trang 66 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 2 lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau: chu\u1ed1i r\u1eebng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i tr\u1ed3ng tam b\u1ed9i. \u1ede nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y, alen A x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n cao, tr\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi alen a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n th\u1ea5p. Khi g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u0301 b\u00f4\u0323i va\u0300 ca\u0301c d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c giao t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n li v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u gen v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p lai sau:<\/p>\n \u2640 Aaaa x \u2642 Aaaa<\/p>\n \u2640 AAaa x \u2642 AAaa<\/p>\n b) H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa chu\u1ed1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n c) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed1i tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n a)<\/p>\n * Ph\u00e9p lai 1<\/p>\n P: \u2640 Aaaa x \u2642 Aaaa<\/p>\n Gp<\/sub>: (1\/2Aa , 1\/2aa) ; (1\/2Aa , 1\/2aa)<\/p>\n F1<\/sub>:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n li ki\u1ec3u gen : 1Aaaa :2 Aaaa : 1aaaa<\/p>\n T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n li ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh :\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3 cao : 1 th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n * Ph\u00e9p lai 2<\/p>\n P : Aaaa x Aaaa<\/p>\n Gp<\/sub>: ( 1\/6 AA, 4\/6 Aa , 1\/6aa) ; ( 1\/6 AA, 4\/6 Aa , 1\/6aa)<\/p>\n F1:<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n li ki\u1ec3u gen \u1edf F1 : 1AAAA : 8AAAa : 18AAaa : 8Aaaa : 1aaaa.<\/p>\n T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n li ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh: 35 cao : 1 th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n b) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 chu\u1ed1i nh\u00e0<\/p>\n c) Cho r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb chu\u1ed1i r\u1eebng: Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi chu\u1ed1i r\u1eebng ph\u00e2n li giao t\u1eed, c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p NST t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n li trong gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c giao t\u1eed 2n. Trong th\u1ee5 tinh, giao t\u1eed 2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao t\u1eed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u1eed 3n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i tam h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 to, ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng sinh s\u1ea3n sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o chu\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n B\u00c0I T\u1eacP CH\u01af\u01a0NG 2<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n B\u00e0i 1 (trang 66 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0B\u1ec7nh ph\u00eanink\u00eat\u00f4 ni\u1ec7u \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t gen l\u1eb7n n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n theo quy lu\u1eadt Men\u0111en. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh trai b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. C\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y lo s\u1ee3 con m\u00ecnh sinh ra s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. H\u00e3y t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y sinh \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ngo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi em ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 anh v\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ra, c\u1ea3 b\u00ean v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Quy \u01b0\u1edbc gen: A: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n a: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh trai b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i mang ki\u1ec3u gen d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n P:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Aa \u00a0 \u00a0\u00d7\u00a0 \u00a0 Aa<\/p>\n G:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A, a \u00a0 \u00a0 A, a<\/p>\n F1<\/sub>:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i mang ki\u1ec3u gen d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n P:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Aa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00d7 \u00a0 \u00a0 Aa<\/p>\n G:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A, a \u00a0 \u00a0 A, a<\/p>\n F1<\/sub>:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1AA : 2Aa : 1aa<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh do gen l\u1eb7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t mang gen b\u1ec7nh (d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u1eed) l\u00e0 2\/3. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p t\u1eed v\u00e0 sinh con b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n 2\/3 x 2\/3 x 1\/4 = 1\/9<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 2 (trang 66 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0Trong ph\u00e9p lai gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u gen sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2642 AaBbCcDdEe x \u2640 aaBbccDdee<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p gen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p NST t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 a) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi con c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 5 t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 bao nh\u00eau?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 b) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi con c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 c) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi con c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u gen gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n X\u00e9t t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n AA \u00d7 aa<\/p>\n Bb \u00d7 Bb<\/p>\n Cc \u00d7 cc<\/p>\n Dd \u00d7 Dd<\/p>\n Ee \u00d7 ee<\/p>\n a) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gen A l\u00e0 1\/2, v\u1ec1 gen B l\u00e0 3\/4, v\u1ec1 C l\u00e0 1\/2, v\u1ec1 D l\u00e0 3\/4 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gen E l\u00e0 1\/2. Do v\u1eady, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi con c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 5 t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng 1\/2 x 3\/4 x1\/2 x 3\/4 x 1\/2 = 1\/96.<\/p>\n b) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi con c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng: 1\/2 x 3\/4 x 1\/2 x 3\/4 x 1\/2 = 1\/96.<\/p>\n c) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi con c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u gen gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng: 1\/2 x 1\/2 x 1\/2 x 1\/2 x 1\/2 = 1\/32.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 3 (trang 66 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0B\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 xanh l\u1ee5c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi do m\u1ed9t gen l\u1eb7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi NST X. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 b\u1ecb m\u00f9 m\u00e0u l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong><\/p>\n a) X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 con trai b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 m\u00e0u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/p>\n b) X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 m\u00e0u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Quy \u01b0\u1edbc gen: M: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n m: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 m\u00e0u<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 m\u00f9 m\u00e0u) l\u00e0: XM<\/sub>Xm<\/sub><\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: XM<\/sub>Y<\/p>\n a) a) X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n NST Xm<\/sub>\u00a0mang gen b\u1ec7nh cho con l\u00e0 1\/2. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t b\u1ed1 cho con trai NST Y l\u00e0 1\/2 n\u00ean x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 sinh con trai b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 m\u00e0u l\u00e0: 1\/2 x 1\/2 =1\/4.<\/p>\n b) V\u00ec b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00ean con g\u00e1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn gen XM<\/sub>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ed1. Do \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u00f4 n\u00e0y sinh con g\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng 0.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 4 (trang 67 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lai m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i c\u00e1i m\u1eaft n\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn, l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ef1c thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eddi F1<\/sub>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ru\u1ed3i c\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i c\u00f2n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn.<\/strong><\/p>\n Cho c\u00e1c con ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i F1<\/sub>\u00a0giao ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c F2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 \u1edf hai gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n – 3\/8 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n – 3\/8 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n – 1\/8 m\u1eaft n\u00e2u, c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n – 1\/8 m\u1eaft n\u00e2u, c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lai tr\u00ean h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i b\u1ed1, m\u1eb9, F1<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con ru\u1ed3i F2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t gen.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n Quy \u01b0\u1edbc gen:<\/p>\n A: M\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf a: M\u1eaft n\u00e2u<\/p>\n D: C\u00e1nh d\u00e0i d: C\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn<\/p>\n Theo \u0111\u1ec1 ra, t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb P (con \u0111\u1ef1c) xu\u1ed1ng F1<\/sub>\u00a0(c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1c). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u m\u1eaft do gen n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb P xu\u1ed1ng F1<\/sub>\u00a0ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 theo gi\u1edbi: ru\u1ed3i c\u00e1i c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i, ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n \u2192 T\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u00e1nh do gen n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh X quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n Quy \u01b0\u1edbc: M\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf (A) th\u00ec m\u1eaft n\u00e2u l\u00e0 (a). V\u00ec m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf F1<\/sub>\u00a0n\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9i. C\u00e1nh d\u00e0i (D) th\u00ec c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 (d). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i, nh\u1eadn gen tr\u1ed9i XD t\u1eeb b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lai:<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n 6\/16 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i; 6\/16 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn; 2\/16 m\u1eaft n\u00e2u, c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i; 2\/16 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 5 (trang 67 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai d\u00f2ng ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh m\u1eaft n\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf son. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4cut gen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u m\u1eaft n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST th\u01b0\u1eddng, NST gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh X hay trong ti th\u1ec3?<\/strong><\/p>\n Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u m\u1eaft do m\u1ed9t gen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n D\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p lai thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 lai ngh\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e9p lai thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec gen n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e9p lai lu\u00f4n cho ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng m\u1eb9 th\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ti th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lai cho t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n li ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u1edf hai gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec gen n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh X.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 6 (trang 67 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0Lai hai d\u00f2ng thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hoa tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau 100% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 hoa m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n A. C\u00e1c alen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hoa tr\u1eafng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai d\u00f2ng c\u00e2y b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 alen v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n B. M\u00e0u hoa \u0111\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng g\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n C. C\u00e1c alen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hoa tr\u1eafng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai d\u00f2ng c\u00e2y b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng alen v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n D. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn g\u00ec.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: c.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i 7 (trang 67 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu t\u00ednh, b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9 di truy\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n cho con<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 A. T\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B. Ki\u1ec3u gen<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 C. Ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 D. Alen<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: d.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u00c0I T\u1eacP CH\u01af\u01a0NG 1 B\u00e0i 1 (trang 64 SGK Sinh h\u1ecdc 12):\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch trong gen: \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 3′ \u2026TATGGGXATGTAATGGGX\u2026 5′ \u00a0 \u00a0 a) H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucl\u00ea\u00f4tit c\u1ee7a: \u00a0 \u00a0 – M\u1ea1ch b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. \u00a0 \u00a0 – mARN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":22807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1307],"tags":[1397,1398],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-9-trang-66-sgk-sinh-hoc-12.png\")
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\n \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n Chu\u1ed1i r\u1eebng<\/th>\n Chu\u1ed1i nh\u00e0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ADN<\/td>\n B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n Cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/td>\n B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n M\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/td>\n B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n To<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n C\u01a1 quan sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/td>\n B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n To<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\n B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n Kho\u1ebb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh giao t\u1eed<\/td>\n B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2192 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh giao t\u1eed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n ![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/bai-4-trang-67-sgk-sinh-hoc-12-1.png\")
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