1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n
P\u00f4n \u00ca – luy – a (1985 \u2013 1952) nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u00e1p, t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 P\u00f4n \u01a0 – gien Granh – \u0111en, sinh ra \u1edf Xanh \u0110\u01a1 – ni, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Pa – ri.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi h\u01a1n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i thi ph\u1ea9m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u00e0m suy lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft l\u00ed tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh tri\u1ebft l\u00ed. D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a si\u00eau th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t \u1edf c\u00e1ch quan ni\u1ec7m b\u00ed \u1ea9n, si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng – ch\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c – \u1ea3o, c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c – c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1i cao c\u1ea3 – c\u00e1i th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 – c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai,… v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
2. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b><\/p>\n
B\u00e0i th\u01a1\u00a0T\u1ef1 do<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1941, trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, in trong t\u1eadp Th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, 1942 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ca c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\nII. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i<\/h2>\n
C\u00e2u 1 (trang 173 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do thi\u1ebft tha trong l\u00f2ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng. 11 kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u201ctr\u00ean… tr\u00ean\u201d<\/i>,v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u201cT\u00f4i vi\u1ebft t\u00ean em\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n \u2192 C\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac ca ng\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 173 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n * C\u00e2u k\u1ebft \u201cT\u00f4i vi\u1ebft t\u00ean em\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1: T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft t\u00ean em \u2013 T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh (tr\u00ean trang v\u1edf, tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebft…<\/i>) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (vi\u1ebft l\u00ean tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y b\u00e1nh m\u00ec tr\u1eafng, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c…<\/i>)<\/p>\n \u2192 Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01a1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean n\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 Do.<\/p>\n * Nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u01a1 g\u1ee3i m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.<\/p>\n => S\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n g\u1ee3i ra m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n * C\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p t\u1eeb theo ki\u1ec3u \u201cxo\u00e1y tr\u00f2n\u201d (tr\u00ean… tr\u00ean<\/i>): t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n cho b\u00e0i th\u01a1.<\/p>\n * \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb em: T\u1ef1 Do \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u201cem\u201d trong ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, l\u1edbn lao trong l\u00f2ng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3 (trang 173 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201ctr\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013 kh\u00f4ng gian (t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Do \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u)<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian (t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Do khi n\u00e0o).<\/p>\n \u2192 Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a th\u00e2n kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng gian, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 4 (trang 173 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n B\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tha thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng truy\u1ec1n ni\u1ec1m kh\u00e1t khao t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00e1t khao h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00f4i vi\u1ebft t\u00ean em\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.\u00a0\u201cT\u00f4i vi\u1ebft t\u00ean em\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c g\u1ee7a v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1; vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cghi, ch\u00e9p\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1edfi \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd: m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n => Do \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u201cTh\u00e1nh ca\u201d n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" I. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 & t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 P\u00f4n \u00ca – luy – a (1985 \u2013 1952) nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u00e1p, t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 P\u00f4n \u01a0 – gien Granh – \u0111en, sinh ra \u1edf Xanh \u0110\u01a1 – ni, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Pa – ri. V\u1edbi h\u01a1n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i thi ph\u1ea9m, \u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1300],"tags":[1378,1381,1380],"yoast_head":"\n