C\u00e2u 1 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n – V\u0103n h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n – V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n: v\u0103n hoc d\u00e2n gian l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.<\/p>\n – V\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn: gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n * C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n – V\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV, XVI \u0111\u1ec1 cao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII coi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00ed tr\u00ed, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 quan, th\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00ed tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cnh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0 k\u00ed trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n * Th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a si\u00eau th\u1ef1c: ra \u0111\u1eddi 1942 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc M\u0129 la \u2013tinh.<\/p>\n – Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n * \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1930 \u2013 1945 hai tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u c\u00f4ng khai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o Th\u01a1 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n: trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Hoan, V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng, Nam Cao.<\/p>\n – Tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a: c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu…<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 4 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb, ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u…<\/p>\n Phong c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u1eeba th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1eeba \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, b\u00fat ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 1 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n so s\u00e1nh<\/p>\n * V\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Ch\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u00f9<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n:<\/p>\n – Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e9o le, o\u00e1i o\u0103m gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u00f9 Hu\u1ea5n Cao v\u1edbi vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n ng\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3nh cho ch\u1eef trong nh\u00e0 giam.<\/p>\n – Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hu\u1ea5n Cao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u00e0i hoa, anh h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n * V\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tang gia<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 V\u0169 Trong Ph\u1ee5ng: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec7n tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang nh\u1eb1m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ef1 l\u1ed1 l\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua theo phong tr\u00e0o \u00c2u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n * Phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n:<\/p>\n – S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c: v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i hoa v\u00e0 ng\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n – Nh\u00ecn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e0i hoa ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n – Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong trang v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n * Phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu:<\/p>\n – Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung: Th\u01a1 T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n – Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: th\u01a1 T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n + Th\u1ec3 th\u01a1: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, th\u01a1 th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n).<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" II. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i C\u00e2u 1 (trang 183 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 1): Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: – V\u0103n h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1300],"tags":[1378,1381,1384],"yoast_head":"\nLuy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n