1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i (1920 \u2013 2014), t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sen, qu\u00ea n\u1ed9i \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kim B\u00e0i, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Oai, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng (nay thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), nh\u01b0ng sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf qu\u00ea ngo\u1ea1i \u2013 l\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00f4, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng (nay thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh:\u00a0D\u1ebf m\u00e8n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u k\u00ed<\/i>\u00a0(truy\u1ec7n, 1941),\u00a0O chu\u1ed9t<\/i>\u00a0(t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n, 1942),\u00a0Qu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0<\/i>(ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, 1942),\u00a0Nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o<\/i>\u00a0(t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, 1944),\u00a0Truy\u1ec7n T\u00e2y B\u1eafc<\/i>\u00a0(t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n, 1953),\u00a0Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y\u00a0<\/i>(ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, 1967),\u00a0C\u00e1t b\u1ee5i ch\u00e2n ai<\/i>\u00a0(h\u1ed3i k\u00ed, 1992),\u00a0Chi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u<\/i>\u00a0(t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n, 1999),\u00a0Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0<\/i>(ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft 2006)…<\/p>\n
2. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/b><\/p>\n
Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn\u00a0V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng A Ph\u1ee7<\/i>\u00a0(1952) in trong t\u1eadp\u00a0Truy\u1ec7n T\u00e2y B\u1eafc<\/i>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nh\u1ea5t \u2013 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1954 \u2013 1955, sau h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn gi\u1eef g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\nII. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i<\/h2>\n
C\u00e2u 1 (trang 14 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt M\u1ecb:<\/p>\n * C\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m d\u00e2u g\u1ea1t n\u1ee3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda t\u1ee7i c\u1ef1c \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed P\u00e1 Tra:<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u201cC\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0o M\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u00f3c\u201d…<\/i><\/p>\n \u2192 Ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ecb.<\/p>\n – M\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u1ed7i \u0111au: Tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0103n l\u00e1 ng\u00f3n t\u1ef1 t\u1eed…<\/p>\n – M\u1ecb b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n + N\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c: M\u1ecb l\u00e0 con tr\u00e2u, con ng\u1ef1a, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng con tr\u00e2u con ng\u1ef1a, M\u1ecb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n \u2192 M\u1ecb b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nh\u00e0 Th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed P\u00e1 Tra.<\/p>\n + N\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n: M\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9\u00a0\u201cl\u00f9i l\u0169i nh\u01b0 con r\u00f9a nu\u00f4i trong x\u00f3 c\u1eeda\u201d…<\/i><\/p>\n \u2192 M\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, tr\u01a1 l\u00ec, chai s\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n * Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ecb:<\/p>\n – Khi m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn: S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ham s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/p>\n + Ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o r\u1ee7 b\u1ea1n \u0111i ch\u01a1i, h\u01a1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u2013 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u1eebng \u1ef1c t\u1eebng b\u00e1t. \u2192 M\u1ecb say khi\u1ebfn M\u1ecb nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9:\u00a0\u201cM\u1ecb v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n \u2192 \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn:\u00a0\u201c N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u1eafm l\u00e1 ng\u00f3n trong tay l\u00fac n\u00e0y M\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0103n cho ch\u1ebft ngay\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n \u2192 Khao kh\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady.<\/p>\n + H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Qu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i t\u00f3c, v\u1edbi tay l\u1ea5y v\u00e1y hoa…<\/p>\n + Khi b\u1ecb A S\u1eed tr\u00f3i: kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i, v\u1eabn nghe ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o, v\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n – H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i cho A Ph\u1ee7:<\/p>\n + L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u: M\u1ecb th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n + Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a A Ph\u1ee7: M\u1ecb h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1eaft d\u00e2y c\u1ee9u A Ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n \u2192 T\u1eeb suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00ed nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i cho A Ph\u1ee7 d\u00f9 b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng d\u1eady. M\u1ecb c\u1eaft d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i cho A Ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1eaft d\u00e2y c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 (trang 15 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n * T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt A Ph\u1ee7: M\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, gan d\u1ea1:<\/p>\n – D\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1nh con trai nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed \u2192 B\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t v\u1ea1, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1edb cho nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed.<\/p>\n – B\u1ecb tr\u00f3i: Nhai \u0111\u1ee9t hai v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y m\u00e2y qu\u1eadt s\u1ee9c v\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y \u2192 Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n – L\u00fac b\u1ecb x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n: A Ph\u1ee7 gan g\u00f3c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f2n, im l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n – Khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng g\u1ea1t n\u1ee3, A Ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n, k\u1ebb \u00e1c.<\/p>\n – Khi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 \u0103n m\u1ea5t b\u00f2, A Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb xin \u0111i b\u1eaft h\u1ed5.<\/p>\n – \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ecb c\u1edfi d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i, ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed \u2192 Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n \u2192 Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt A Ph\u1ee7 mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai T\u00e2y B\u1eafc: ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, th\u1eadt th\u00e0, kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh… d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ngu\u00f4i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n * N\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda \u1edf nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt M\u1ecb v\u00e0 A Ph\u1ee7: M\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn b\u00ean trong, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1edf ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt A Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gan g\u00f3c, t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3 (trang 15 sgk Ng\u1eef V\u0103n 12 T\u1eadp 2):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai:<\/p>\n – \u00d4ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 n\u00e9t sinh ho\u1ea1t, phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai T\u00e2y B\u1eafc: t\u1ee5c c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1ee3, tr\u00ecnh ma, \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n…<\/p>\n – Gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1: c\u1ea3nh m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao, l\u1eddi ca, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng s\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00eam t\u00ecnh m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, c\u1ea3nh u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u ng\u00e0y t\u1ebft,…<\/p>\n – Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 phong v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, mang \u0111\u1eadm c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u00a0V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng A Ph\u1ee7:<\/i>\u00a0Qua vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u1ecb v\u00e0 A Ph\u1ee7, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea5t phong ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" I. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 & t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i (1920 \u2013 2014), t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sen, qu\u00ea n\u1ed9i \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Kim B\u00e0i, huy\u1ec7n Thanh Oai, t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng (nay thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), nh\u01b0ng sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf qu\u00ea ngo\u1ea1i \u2013 l\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00f4, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1300],"tags":[1385,1383,1384],"yoast_head":"\nLuy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n