\u0110\u1ec1 3:<\/b>\u00a0Anh (ch\u1ecb) h\u00e3y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p La B\u01a1-ruy-e: “Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n ta l\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ta nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 n\u1eefa: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay v\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 vi\u1ebft ra”.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u00e0i l\u00e0m 2<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi th\u01a1 c\u00e2u v\u0103n v\u1eeba k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. “M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay” l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb vui th\u00e0nh bu\u1ed3n, bu\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh vui, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c t\u00e1ch xa hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 “g\u1ee3i cho ta nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m”.<\/p>\n \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n t\u00f2an \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt do ch\u00ednh tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng quanh ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ta, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Gorki: “V\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc” hay B\u00ealinxki \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i “Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb”, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc qua \u0111\u00f3. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng bao con tim, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n th\u1ecdai, l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, l\u00f2ng bao dung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n,n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 “cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay” th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hay khi n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00eam cao \u0111\u1eb9p, trau d\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1eadn s\u00e2u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n “V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e0n \u00e1c, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n” (Th\u1ea1ch Lam). V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn qua g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 hai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf M.Gorki m\u1edbi n\u00f3i “v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc”. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 La Bury-e n\u00f3i v\u1eady “m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n ta l\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ta nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m … \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay”. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n” v\u00e0 “thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n”.<\/p>\n Nam Cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft “m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1edd c\u00f5i v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m chung cho c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn lao, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u1eeba \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi. N\u00f3 ca t\u1ee5ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ecnh b\u00e1c \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n”. Ch\u1ec9 nhi\u00eau c\u00e2u ch\u1eef th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho ta th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi Nam Cao (tin r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00e1c) th\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh “nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f3a” s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du, Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o c\u1ee7a Nam Cao, S\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ecf c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee5ng … \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong truy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0110\u1ec1 3:\u00a0Anh (ch\u1ecb) h\u00e3y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p La B\u01a1-ruy-e: “Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n ta l\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ta nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 n\u1eefa: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162,1301],"tags":[1366,1359],"yoast_head":"\n