\u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec1 1<\/b>: Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n Si\u00eau c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: “V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng […] c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ko \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>“. H\u00e3y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u00e0i l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung sau:<\/p>\n – Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i hai lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: “Ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>” v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i “Chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>“.<\/p>\n + Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng “Ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>“?<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 coi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m lo c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng,v\u00e2n m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n + Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng “chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>“?<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, coi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n – N\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n si\u00eau:<\/p>\n + V\u00ec sao lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i “Chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i “Chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>“?<\/p>\n NVS mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng . N\u1ebfu v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh. \u00c1ng v\u0103n hay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1ng v\u0103n t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n – Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 NVS.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec1 2<\/b>: Buy-ph\u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: “Phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/i>” Anh (ch\u1ecb) hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng \u00fd ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n – Phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n – Phong c\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n + \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1ch l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi … .<\/p>\n + \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef … .<\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec1 3<\/b>: Anh (ch\u1ecb) h\u00e3y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p La B\u01a1-ruy-e: “Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n ta l\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i cho ta nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 n\u1eefa: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay v\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 vi\u1ebft ra<\/i>“.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd sau:<\/p>\n – Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay, theo La B\u01a1-ruy-e, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n – Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: “N\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n<\/i>“, g\u1ee3i: “Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cao qu\u00ed v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m<\/i>” c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec1 1<\/b>: N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 l\u00e0 “N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n<\/i>“. Anh (Ch\u1ecb) h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u1ea7n n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd sau:<\/p>\n – S\u1eed thi v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n – V\u00ec sao v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m l\u1ea1i “Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n<\/i>“?<\/p>\n (D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i\u00a0Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX<\/i>.)<\/p>\n + Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (C\u1ea7n d\u1eabn ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n qua nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf SGK ng\u1eef v\u0103nl\u1edbp 9:\u00a0L\u00e0ng<\/i>\u00a0(Kim L\u00e2n),\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao xa x\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0(L\u00ea Minh Khu\u00ea) … c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 12:\u00a0T\u00e2y Ti\u1ebfn<\/i>\u00a0(Quang D\u0169ng),\u00a0\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi),\u00a0Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/i>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Thi),\u00a0R\u1eebng x\u00e0 nu<\/i>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Th\u00e0nh) … .)<\/p>\n + B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed thi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec1 2<\/b>: V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u1ea7n n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd sau:<\/p>\n – Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n + Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n + Ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u00e1ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n – V\u00ec sao v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n + V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i phi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,l\u00e0m cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (D\u1eabn ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Nam Cao:\u00a0S\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n, Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o<\/i>\u00a0…)<\/p>\n + V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh quan: Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p, cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a (T\u1eeb \u1ea5y<\/i>\u00a0– T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu,\u00a0Nh\u1eadt k\u00ed trong t\u00f9<\/i>\u00a0– H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed minh.)<\/p>\n + Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i cao c\u1ea3 (H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 trong b\u00e0i “B\u00e1c \u01a1i!<\/i>” – T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu …), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00edch th\u00edch \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c … (Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/i>\u00a0– Nguy\u1ec5n Du …)<\/p>\n + V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh gi\u00fap ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ec1 1: Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n v\u0103n Si\u00eau c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: “V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng […] c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ko \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1edf v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[162,1301],"tags":[1366,1359],"yoast_head":"\n