K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/ky-nang-tap-phan-ly-thuyet-mon-hoa-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, TS. 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{"id":1985,"date":"2016-03-23T08:21:28","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T08:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/?p=1985"},"modified":"2016-11-12T03:07:13","modified_gmt":"2016-11-12T03:07:13","slug":"ky-nang-tap-phan-ly-thuyet-mon-hoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/ky-nang-tap-phan-ly-thuyet-mon-hoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi ho\u00e1 – kh\u1eed,\u2026<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp nhanh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

1. Ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, m\u00f9i, t\u00ednh tan (trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh axit – baz\u01a1: C\u1ea7n x\u00e9t xem ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t axit, baz\u01a1, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh hay trung t\u00ednh theo thuy\u1ebft Bronsted.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 – kh\u1eed: C\u1ea7n x\u00e9t xem ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 hay t\u00ednh kh\u1eed hay c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eed. Trong n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m trong ch\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t trong ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 (v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi kh\u1eed (v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 trung gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed (v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1).<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 (b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng?), c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed7i n\u1ed9i dung, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1. Khi l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1, c\u1ea7n cho ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t axit th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t baz\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: Kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed (v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 0 v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng), phi kim (tr\u1eeb oxi v\u00e0 flo) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed (v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 \u00e2m, 0 v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: HNO3\u00a0s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t axit, t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 (v\u00ec nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 +5, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1), ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ch\u1eadm b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3: SO2\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t axit (v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 oxit axit), t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed (v\u00ec l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 +4, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 oxi ho\u00e1 trung gian c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung sau<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

+ T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c: <\/strong><\/em>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u00f2n g\u1ed1c hidrocacbon kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 -OH, -COOH, \u2026<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c hidrocacbon: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c hidrocacbon ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf hidro c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p,\u2026 v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng no). Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t do c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia:<\/strong><\/em> C\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c hidrocacbon v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang: Ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1:<\/strong><\/em>Ancol etylic (C2H5OH) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m -OH (t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim loai ki\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ete, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este ho\u00e1), t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t do c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o anken, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o buta-1,3-dien.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: <\/strong><\/em>Axit acrylic (CH2=CH-COOH) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m -COOH (t\u00ednh axit, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este ho\u00e1), t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c hidrocacbon (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p).<\/p>\n

3. Ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf (trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi 3 c\u1ed9t: c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf clo<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 KMnO4, MnO2, K2Cr2O7.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n Al2O3\u00a0n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a criolit (Na3AlF6).<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(Theo B\u00e1o Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c & Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, TS. D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Hu\u1ea5n – \u00a0Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh khoa H\u00f3a (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 2) – h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u00f4n t\u1eadp l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n \u00a0h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nK\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lop12.edu.vn\/ky-nang-tap-phan-ly-thuyet-mon-hoa-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00f4n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, TS. 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