1. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
a. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u<\/i>: bao g\u1ed3m chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, lu\u1eadn \u00e1n, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u2026 Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin, logic trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n
b. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc<\/i>, bao g\u1ed3m: gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o \u00e1n\u2026 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3, t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc sinh theo t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p, t\u1eebng l\u1edbp, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eebng ti\u1ebft, t\u1eebng b\u00e0i<\/p>\n
c. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc (khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang)<\/i>, bao g\u1ed3m: s\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, b\u00fat k\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. Lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
2. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/p>\n
\u2013 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m : Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u1ede d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft: ngo\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u\u2026<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u1ede d\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m chu\u1ea9n, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc mang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh l\u00ed tr\u00ed, t\u00ednh logic, t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, phi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, \u2026<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 1<\/b>: B\u00e0i\u00a0Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1n T\u00e1m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/span><\/p>\n a.<\/b>\u00a0V\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n – Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft 1975:<\/p>\n + Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n + C\u00e1c ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n + Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n – Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX:<\/p>\n + Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n – Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n b.<\/b>\u00a0V\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n c.<\/b>\u00a0V\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1eeb l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n – S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, k\u00ed, th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed thi, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n,\u00a0<\/i>\u2026)<\/p>\n – K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd do c\u00e1c c\u00e2u, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn trong t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n – \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng:<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0110o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng cong queo, g\u00e3y kh\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc: \u0110o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i hai \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n – M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng:<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed3i, l\u00f5m, g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n – G\u00f3c:<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda (\u0102n h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c; “Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c tr\u1eddi\/ G\u1ed3m hai v\u0103n v\u00f5 r\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4i s\u01a1n h\u00e0”<\/i>)<\/p>\n + Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi hai n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n, g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng,<\/i>\u00a0\u2026 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013 \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc:\u00a0kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbc, di ch\u1ec9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u2026<\/i><\/p>\n – C\u00e2u v\u0103n mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n logic:\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u2026 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n<\/i>. (c\u00e2u 1)<\/p>\n – C\u00e1c c\u00e2u li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c:<\/p>\n + C\u00e2u 1: N\u00eau lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n)<\/p>\n + C\u00e2u 2 + 3 + 4: N\u00eau 3 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9, m\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch trong kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n –> L\u00e0m cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" I. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc 1. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: a. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u: bao g\u1ed3m chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, lu\u1eadn \u00e1n, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u2026 Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1299],"tags":[1352,1354,1353],"yoast_head":"\n