\u0110\u1ecdc th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 thi, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho th\u00ed sinh khi thi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4n h\u00f3a n\u0103m nay.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0111\u00fang – sai\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 thi s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi; v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cs\u1ed1 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang\u201d y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh \u201cv\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cv\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cao\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cnh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u\u201d n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t c\u00e2u 27 \u0111\u1ec1 thi minh h\u1ecda : \u201dCho b\u1ed9t Fe v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NaNO3 v\u00e0 HCl \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed NO, H2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan. C\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i trong dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0<\/p>\n

A. FeCl3, NaCl. B. Fe(NO3)3, FeCl3, NaNO3, NaCl.<\/p>\n

C. FeCl2, Fe(NO3)2, NaCl, NaNO3. D. FeCl2, NaCl.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c em d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Fe d\u01b0, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i Fe(II), nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn do c\u00f3 H2 tho\u00e1t ra n\u00ean NO3\u2013 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft, mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 D, th\u00ec s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1: H+ + NO3\u2013 + 3e \u00ae NO + H2O x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2H+ + 2e \u00ae H2.<\/p>\n

\u00d4n t\u1eadp l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao?<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quy n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u0111ro h\u00f3a ? Thay v\u00ec n\u00eau anken, ankin an\u0111ehit,\u2026ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch cacbon th\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft p, c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng 3 hay v\u00f2ng 4; v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee9c an\u0111ehit \u2013CH=O, xeton (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 axit fomic v\u00e0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3).<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 c\u01a1, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u1ea7n \u0111un n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c hay lo\u00e3ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn hay kh\u00ed…). Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, SGK l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t; h\u00e3y gi\u1edf SGK \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3m nh\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 c\u01a1 hay h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y gi\u1edf SGK c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 3 l\u1edbp 10, 11 v\u00e0 12 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong SGK v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n

To\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf hai lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1eaby c\u00e0i\u201d: (1) b\u1eaby l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t; (2) b\u1eaby v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo: b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u0103ng – gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n electron, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trung h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch, b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh\u2026<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ec5, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng quan h\u1ec7 mol \u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u) th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u00e2u nay ch\u01b0a t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: \u0110\u1ec1 d\u00e0i (5-7 d\u00f2ng), \u0111\u1ecdc qua th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u00f9 m\u1edd v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra (ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0)\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo H+, d\u00f9ng b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a – kh\u1eed, c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a H+ theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng axit – baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H+ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00eam khi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a S; v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m b\u00e0i tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng khi thi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e2u hay, d\u1edf, d\u1ec5, kh\u00f3… n\u00ean \u0111\u1eebng mang t\u00ednh \u201cchinh ph\u1ee5c\u201d v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00e0i thi nh\u01b0 khi h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 thi, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3. Sai s\u00f3t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1) Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u201ctan\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng\u201d, th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t Al2O3, KNO3, Cu(OH)2, AgCl, NaOH, s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t tan trong dung d\u1ecbch amoniac d\u01b0 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 4 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 2 ch\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ea5t Cu(OH)2, AgCl b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t tan, c\u00f2n 2 ch\u1ea5t KNO3 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t tan t\u1ed1t trong H2O (c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch NH3).<\/p>\n

2) Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u201cS\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t\u201d h\u1eefu c\u01a1 hay \u201cs\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o\u201d, \u201cs\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o\u201d: N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o\u201d hay CTCT th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc (cis – trans).<\/p>\n

3) Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u201ch\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111a ch\u1ee9c\u201d, \u201ch\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/p>\n

4) Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cTrong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctrong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d hay \u201cth\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d: Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a ion kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng NaOH hay KOH m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Ca(OH)2 do Ca(OH)2 d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi kh\u00ed Cl2, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta phun amoniac v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Cl2 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m NH3 do Cl2 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.v.v…<\/p>\n

5) L\u1ea7m l\u1eabn thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh\u201d v\u1edbi \u201cv\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH\u201d: Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0 NaOH, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 2 dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i Al, Zn, Sn…).<\/p>\n

– V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0110\u00fang – Sai\u201d n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00fd n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

– Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay tr\u00ean t\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1 thi, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i n\u00ean ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 theo d\u00f5i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu khi b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc hay sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00f2 ra.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o qu\u00e1 5-6 ph\u00fat; \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nhanh d\u1ea1ng quen thu\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaby c\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00ec h\u00e3y b\u1eaft tay l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

PHAN TR\u1eccNG QU\u00dd (Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0110H S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m TP.HCM)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 thi, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho th\u00ed sinh khi thi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4n h\u00f3a n\u0103m nay. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd – S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0111\u00fang – sai\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n